@article{81262a753ffb4e018e9911d3bd8d41bb,
title = "Lung cancer in never smokers - A different disease",
abstract = "Although most lung cancers are a result of smoking, approximately 25% of lung cancer cases worldwide are not attributable to tobacco use, accounting for over 300,000 deaths each year. Striking differences in the epidemiological, clinical and molecular characteristics of lung cancers arising in never smokers versus smokers have been identified, suggesting that they are separate entities. This Review summarizes our current knowledge of this unique and poorly understood disease.",
author = "Sophie Sun and Schiller, {Joan H.} and Gazdar, {Adi F.}",
note = "Funding Information: evaluate the effect of eTS exposure and lung cancer risk, primarily by comparing spouses of smokers and never smokers. In 1992, based on epidemiological evidence from a meta-analysis of 30 spousal exposure studies worldwide, the uS environmental Protection Agency (ePA) concluded that eTS was causally associated with lung cancer, accounting for 3,000 deaths each year in the uS48. Subsequent analyses of data pooled from larger studies have confirmed the findings of the ePA study, demonstrating that spousal and workplace exposure to eTS is associated with a 20–25% excess risk of lung cancer47,49–52. Based on these data, the uS National Institutes of Health (NIH) and International Agency for Research in Cancer (IARC) have officially designated eTS as a human carcinogen. Nonetheless, the overall evidence indicates that eTS is a relatively weak carcinogen and most lung cancers in never smokers cannot be explained by eTS exposure alone.",
year = "2007",
month = oct,
doi = "10.1038/nrc2190",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "7",
pages = "778--790",
journal = "Nature Reviews Cancer",
issn = "1474-175X",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "10",
}