TY - JOUR
T1 - Lymphatic metastases from pelvic tumors
T2 - Anatomic classification, characterization, and staging
AU - McMahon, Colm J.
AU - Rofsky, Neil M.
AU - Pedrosa, Ivan
PY - 2010/1
Y1 - 2010/1
N2 - The spread of pelvic tumors to lymph nodes is an important means of tumor dissemination. Nodal metastases have important management and prognostic impact. Pelvic tumors usually metastasize rst to regional lymph nodes, which are specific groups off nodes for each tumor, and are classified according to the TNM system as N-stage disease. If a pelvic tumor spreads to a lymph node outside of the defined regional nodes, this is considered M-stage disease, which usually results in upstaging of the disease to overall stage IV cancer and may potentially affect the patient's treatment options. Knowledge of the regional nodal spread of each tumor is essential in formulating effective search strategies for cross-sectional imaging studies performed for staging. Also important is correct description of the nomenclature of nodal metastases to facilitate proper staging. In this review, the patterns of regional nodal spread and N-stage classification are presented for carcinomas of the anus, bladder, cervix, endometrium, ovary, penis, prostate, rectum, testis, vagina, and vulva. Pelvic lymph node anatomy and nomenclature are reviewed with schematic illustrations and clinical examples from patients with pelvic tumors.
AB - The spread of pelvic tumors to lymph nodes is an important means of tumor dissemination. Nodal metastases have important management and prognostic impact. Pelvic tumors usually metastasize rst to regional lymph nodes, which are specific groups off nodes for each tumor, and are classified according to the TNM system as N-stage disease. If a pelvic tumor spreads to a lymph node outside of the defined regional nodes, this is considered M-stage disease, which usually results in upstaging of the disease to overall stage IV cancer and may potentially affect the patient's treatment options. Knowledge of the regional nodal spread of each tumor is essential in formulating effective search strategies for cross-sectional imaging studies performed for staging. Also important is correct description of the nomenclature of nodal metastases to facilitate proper staging. In this review, the patterns of regional nodal spread and N-stage classification are presented for carcinomas of the anus, bladder, cervix, endometrium, ovary, penis, prostate, rectum, testis, vagina, and vulva. Pelvic lymph node anatomy and nomenclature are reviewed with schematic illustrations and clinical examples from patients with pelvic tumors.
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U2 - 10.1148/radiol.2541090361
DO - 10.1148/radiol.2541090361
M3 - Review article
C2 - 20032141
AN - SCOPUS:75349101061
SN - 0033-8419
VL - 254
SP - 31
EP - 46
JO - RADIOLOGY
JF - RADIOLOGY
IS - 1
ER -