Major Adverse Renal and Cardiac Events After Coronary Angiography and Cardiac Surgery

Background: Patients at high risk for having postprocedural complications may receive iodixanol, an iso-osmolar contrast, during coronary angiography to minimize the risk of renal toxicity. For those who also require cardiac surgery, the wait time between angiography and surgery may be a modifiable factor capable of mitigating poor surgical outcomes; however, there have been inconsistent reports regarding the optimal wait time. We sought to determine the effects of wait time between angiography and cardiac surgery, as well as contrast-induced acute kidney injury on the development of major adverse renal and cardiac events (MARCE). Methods: We merged datasets to identify adults who underwent coronary angiography with iodixanol and subsequent cardiac surgery. Results: Of 965 patients, 126 (13.1%) had contrast-induced acute kidney injury; 133 (13.8%) had MARCE within 30 days and 253 (26.2%) within 1 year of surgery. After adjusting for contrast-induced acute kidney injury, age, and Thakar acute renal failure score, the effect of wait time lost significance for the full cohort, but remained for the subgroup of 654 who had coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery within 1 day of coronary angiography had an approximate twofold increase in risk of MARCE (30-day hazard ratio 2.13, 95% confidence interval: 1.16 to 3.88, p = 0.014; 1-year hazard ratio 2.07, 95% confidence interval: 1.32 to 3.23, p = 0.002) compared with patients who waited 5 or more days. Conclusions: Patients who had contrast-induced acute kidney injury and had cardiac surgery within 1 day of angiography had an increased risk of MARCE.