TY - GEN
T1 - Monte Carlo Simulation Study of Annihilation Gamma Yield from C-11 and C-12 Irradiation in Water and PMMA Phantoms
AU - Chalise, Ananta Raj
AU - Chi, Yujie
AU - Lai, Youfang
AU - Shao, Yiping
AU - Jin, Mingwu
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 IEEE.
PY - 2019/10
Y1 - 2019/10
N2 - With technical advances in radioactive isotope generation, isotopes with positron decay (PDI) become a viable alternative to their stable counterparts for hadron therapy. Due to substantial signal boosting for positron emission tomography (PET), PDI is promising for accurate and precise online beam range (RB) verification. In this study, we quantified the online beam range verification ability of C-11 ion beams for PET imaging. Geant4 was used to simulate the dose and gamma photon distributions inside the phantom generated from C-11 and C-12 ion beams impinging water and PMMA phantoms. Quark Gluon String Pre-compound (QGSP), Binary Ion Cascade (BIC) and High Precision (HP) Neutron model physics-list was used to govern the relevant physics processes for four therapeutic energies (ET ) (to reach the same penetration depth at each energy level for two carbon species). The annihilation gammas (AGs) were determined by a PET system in GATE and the retrace-back method. AG yields with different acquisition times from start of ion history were compared between C-11 and C-12 beams. Exactly after the beam was turned on, AG with time tag ≤ 5 minutes were collected and analyzed. For the water phantom at the lowest ET , the measured AG from C-11 was 8 folds higher than that from C-12 beam, while dropped to 1.09 folds for the highest ET. In general, with the increasing ET , AG yield rates increased for both species. Full width at half maximum (FWHM) of AG distribution peaks were 0.61 mm and 3.3 mm for C-11 at the lowest and highest ET respectively. The results in PMMA were similar to those in water. The simulation results show that C-11 is an excellent candidate for accurate and precise online RB verification using PET.
AB - With technical advances in radioactive isotope generation, isotopes with positron decay (PDI) become a viable alternative to their stable counterparts for hadron therapy. Due to substantial signal boosting for positron emission tomography (PET), PDI is promising for accurate and precise online beam range (RB) verification. In this study, we quantified the online beam range verification ability of C-11 ion beams for PET imaging. Geant4 was used to simulate the dose and gamma photon distributions inside the phantom generated from C-11 and C-12 ion beams impinging water and PMMA phantoms. Quark Gluon String Pre-compound (QGSP), Binary Ion Cascade (BIC) and High Precision (HP) Neutron model physics-list was used to govern the relevant physics processes for four therapeutic energies (ET ) (to reach the same penetration depth at each energy level for two carbon species). The annihilation gammas (AGs) were determined by a PET system in GATE and the retrace-back method. AG yields with different acquisition times from start of ion history were compared between C-11 and C-12 beams. Exactly after the beam was turned on, AG with time tag ≤ 5 minutes were collected and analyzed. For the water phantom at the lowest ET , the measured AG from C-11 was 8 folds higher than that from C-12 beam, while dropped to 1.09 folds for the highest ET. In general, with the increasing ET , AG yield rates increased for both species. Full width at half maximum (FWHM) of AG distribution peaks were 0.61 mm and 3.3 mm for C-11 at the lowest and highest ET respectively. The results in PMMA were similar to those in water. The simulation results show that C-11 is an excellent candidate for accurate and precise online RB verification using PET.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85083579846&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85083579846&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/NSS/MIC42101.2019.9059806
DO - 10.1109/NSS/MIC42101.2019.9059806
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:85083579846
T3 - 2019 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference, NSS/MIC 2019
BT - 2019 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference, NSS/MIC 2019
PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
T2 - 2019 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference, NSS/MIC 2019
Y2 - 26 October 2019 through 2 November 2019
ER -