Neurological evaluation and management of autism spectrum disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an increasingly common neurodevelopmental disorder that has a wide variety of etiologies. Patients with autism have deficits in social communication and restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests. Cognitive abilities are variable ranging from profound intellectual disability to above average intellectual capabilities. In addition, medical comorbidities such as gastrointestinal dysfunction, sleep disorders, and seizures are frequently diagnosed. Though there is no cure for autism, on-going research in genetic etiologies and novel therapeutic applications are being studied. ASD is a lifelong condition that has varied clinical presentations across the life span of an individual and requires a multifaceted and diverse team of providers to manage the differing challenges that arise as patients grow and develop.