TY - JOUR
T1 - Nitrative stress through formation of 8-nitroguanosine
T2 - Insights into microbial pathogenesis
AU - Akuta, Teruo
AU - Zaki, Mohammad Hasan
AU - Yoshitake, Jun
AU - Okamoto, Tatsuya
AU - Akaike, Takaaki
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank Ms. Judith B. Gandy for her excellent editing of the manuscript. This work was supported in part by grants-in-aid for scientific research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), and the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan.
PY - 2006/3
Y1 - 2006/3
N2 - Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, respectively, mediate oxidative and nitrative stresses by means of oxidation and nitration of various biomolecules including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. We have observed nitric oxide (NO)-dependent formation of 8-nitroguanosine and 3-nitrotyrosine during microbial infection, and we determined that both 8-nitroguanosine and 3-nitrotyrosine are useful biomarkers of nitrative stress. Of importance, however, is the great difference in biological characteristics of these two nitrated compounds. 8-Nitroguanosine has unique biochemical and pharmacological properties such as redox activity and mutagenic potential, which 3-nitrotyrosine does not. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of nitrative stress occurring during microbial infections, with special emphasis on biological functions of 8-nitroguanosine formed via NO during the host response to pathogens. These findings provide insights into NO-mediated pathogenesis not only of viral infections but also of many other diseases.
AB - Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, respectively, mediate oxidative and nitrative stresses by means of oxidation and nitration of various biomolecules including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. We have observed nitric oxide (NO)-dependent formation of 8-nitroguanosine and 3-nitrotyrosine during microbial infection, and we determined that both 8-nitroguanosine and 3-nitrotyrosine are useful biomarkers of nitrative stress. Of importance, however, is the great difference in biological characteristics of these two nitrated compounds. 8-Nitroguanosine has unique biochemical and pharmacological properties such as redox activity and mutagenic potential, which 3-nitrotyrosine does not. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of nitrative stress occurring during microbial infections, with special emphasis on biological functions of 8-nitroguanosine formed via NO during the host response to pathogens. These findings provide insights into NO-mediated pathogenesis not only of viral infections but also of many other diseases.
KW - 3-Nitrotyrosine
KW - 8-Nitroguanosine
KW - Nitrative stress
KW - Nitric oxide
KW - Viral mutation
KW - Viral pathogenesis
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U2 - 10.1016/j.niox.2005.10.004
DO - 10.1016/j.niox.2005.10.004
M3 - Article
C2 - 16309933
AN - SCOPUS:31544459199
SN - 1089-8603
VL - 14
SP - 101
EP - 108
JO - Nitric Oxide - Biology and Chemistry
JF - Nitric Oxide - Biology and Chemistry
IS - 2 SPEC. ISS.
ER -