Oseltamivir pharmacokinetics, dosing, and resistance among children aged <2 years with influenza

David W. Kimberlin, Edward P. Acosta, Mark N. Prichard, Pablo J. Sánchez, Krow Ampofo, David Lang, Negar Ashouri, John A. Vanchiere, Mark J. Abzug, Nazha Abughali, Mary T. Caserta, Janet A. Englund, Sunil K. Sood, Michael G. Spigarelli, John S. Bradley, Judy Lew, Marian G. Michaels, Wen Wan, Gretchen Cloud, Penelope JesterFred D. Lakeman, Richard J. Whitley, Dusty Giles, Bari Cotton, Sharon Judy, Margaret Cowie, Jeanne Francis, Candice Evans, Nan O'donnell, Ofelia Vargas Shiraishi, Lisa Latiolais, Valeri Aymami, Ken Dole, Julie Gaultier, Gerry Lofthus, Diane Kinnunen, Kirsten Lacombe, Nancy Stellato, Julie Denlinger, Sara Hingtgen, Christina Mason, Noreen Jeffrey

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

50 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background. Children <2 years of age are at high risk of influenza-related mortality and morbidity. However, the appropriate dose of oseltamivir for children <2 years of age is unknown.Methods. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Collaborative Antiviral Study Group evaluated oseltamivir in infants aged <2 years in an age-de-escalation, adaptive design with a targeted systemic exposure.Results. From 2006 to 2010, 87 subjects enrolled. An oseltamivir dose of 3.0 mg/kg produced drug exposures within the target range in subjects 0-8 months of age, although there was a greater degree of variability in infants <3 months of age. In subjects 9-11 months of age, a dose of 3.5 mg/kg produced drug exposures within the target range. Six of 10 subjects aged 12-23 months receiving the Food and Drug Administration-approved unit dose for this age group (ie, 30 mg) had oseltamivir carboxylate exposures below the target range. Virus from 3 subjects developed oseltamivir resistance during antiviral treatment.Conclusions. The appropriate twice-daily oral oseltamivir dose for infants ≤8 months of age is 3.0 mg/kg, while the dose for infants 9-11 months old is 3.5 mg/kg.Clinical Trials Registration. NCT00391768.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)709-720
Number of pages12
JournalJournal of Infectious Diseases
Volume207
Issue number5
DOIs
StatePublished - Mar 1 2013

Keywords

  • Oseltamivir
  • Tamiflu
  • antiviral resistance
  • antiviral treatment
  • influenza

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Medicine

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