@article{643880a1062643f7b486c6c63b859ab4,
title = "Perfluorocarbon imaging in vivo: A 19F MRI study in tumor-bearing mice",
abstract = "Multiresonance perfluorocarbon emulsions (Oxypherol and Fluosol-DA) were imaged in tumor-bearing mice using 19F spin-echo magnetic resonance imaging in vivo. Multiple thin-slice fluorine images free of chemical shift artifacts were obtained in 13 minutes and these were correlated with proton images obtained during the same experiment to delineate the anatomic distribution of perfluorocarbons. Sequential images were used to determine the time course of the distribution and the retention of the compounds in tumors and organs. 19F MR spectroscopy was used ex vivo to determine with high sensitivity the relative concentration of perfluorocarbons in different tissues and organs and to confirm the results obtained from imaging experiments. The fluorine images visually demonstrated the preferential localization of the perfluorocarbons in the liver and spleen; shortly after injection, the images also revealed the highly vascularized tumor-chest wall interface. Imaging and spectroscopy together showed that the perfluorocarbons were removed from the blood pool within hours and remained sequestered in tissues at later times; the highest concentrations were found in the spleen and liver, where the agents were retained without spectral changes for the duration of these studies. The perfluorocarbons accumulated within tumors at dose-dependent concentration, one to two orders of magnitude smaller than those observed in the spleen and liver.",
keywords = "F MRI, Fluorocarbon, H MRI, Spectroscopy, Murine tumors",
author = "Mason, {Ralph P.} and Antich, {Peter P.} and Babcock, {Evelyn E.} and Gerberich, {Jenifer L.} and Nunnally, {Ray L.}",
note = "Funding Information: Fluorine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers a simple and noninvasive method for studying sequentially the distribution of perfluorocarbons (PFCs) in vivo. The major technical problem in performing 19F MRI of PFCs is that this class of compounds has multiple fluorine resonances, potentially leading to images with marked chemical shift artifacts. A variety of methods for imaging multiresonance PFC emulsions has been presented,3,4,7-9T{\textquoteright}2*{\textquoteleft}7a nd an imaging study has recently shown that perfluorooctylbromide accumulates specifically in the liver and spleen.18 RECEIVED 1/ lW89; ACCEPTED4 / I2/89. Supported in part by the NIH Biotechnology Resource Facility Grant #5-P41-RR02584a nd by the Texas Advanced Technology Program #2200 of the Texas Higher Education Committee. Acknowledgments- We are grateful to Alpha-Therapeutics Corp., California, for providing us with Fluosol-DA and This paper describes the application of 19F MRI to the PFC emulsions Oxypherol (perfluorotributylamine) and Fluosol-DA (a mixture of perfluorodecalin and perfluorotripropylamine). Fluosol-DA was developed as a blood substitute and is currently undergoing clinical trials as a radiotherapy potentiator in conjunction with oxygen breathing. 2oT he potential use of 19F MRI to delineate both the distribution of the agent throughout the body and its eventual fate in vivo is relevant to these studies. In addition, 19F MR techniques can be used in conjunction with PFCs to extract information on oxygen tension,s*6~11~{\textquoteleft}9~p2H4z 3 and temperature{\textquoteright} in tissue. The development of these techniques and the",
year = "1989",
doi = "10.1016/0730-725X(89)90402-5",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "7",
pages = "475--485",
journal = "Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
issn = "0730-725X",
publisher = "Elsevier Inc.",
number = "5",
}