TY - JOUR
T1 - Pharmacogenomics and adverse drug reactions
T2 - Primetime and not ready for primetime tests
AU - Khan, David A.
N1 - Funding Information:
Supported by the Vanberg Family Foundation .
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
PY - 2016/10/1
Y1 - 2016/10/1
N2 - Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a relatively common cause of morbidity and mortality. Many factors can contribute to ADRs, including genetics. The degree to which genetics contributes to ADRs is not entirely clear and varies by drug, as well as the type of ADR. Pharmacogenetics and, more recently, pharmacogenomics have been applied to the field of ADRs for both predictable ADRs and hypersensitivity drug reactions. Evaluations for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and thiopurine S-methyltransferase are commonplace clinical tests to reduce hematologic problems associated with drugs, such as dapsone and azathioprine, respectively. Numerous pharmacogenetic associations have been discovered for immediate hypersensitivity reactions to β-lactams, aspirin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; however, the clinical utility of testing for these genetic associations has not been established. In contrast, pharmacogenetic testing for HLA-B*1502 before carbamazepine in patients of certain Asian ethnicities and testing for HLA-B*5701 before abacavir treatment are recommended. This review will focus on pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics and their role in reducing ADRs, especially those caused by drug hypersensitivity reactions.
AB - Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a relatively common cause of morbidity and mortality. Many factors can contribute to ADRs, including genetics. The degree to which genetics contributes to ADRs is not entirely clear and varies by drug, as well as the type of ADR. Pharmacogenetics and, more recently, pharmacogenomics have been applied to the field of ADRs for both predictable ADRs and hypersensitivity drug reactions. Evaluations for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and thiopurine S-methyltransferase are commonplace clinical tests to reduce hematologic problems associated with drugs, such as dapsone and azathioprine, respectively. Numerous pharmacogenetic associations have been discovered for immediate hypersensitivity reactions to β-lactams, aspirin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; however, the clinical utility of testing for these genetic associations has not been established. In contrast, pharmacogenetic testing for HLA-B*1502 before carbamazepine in patients of certain Asian ethnicities and testing for HLA-B*5701 before abacavir treatment are recommended. This review will focus on pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics and their role in reducing ADRs, especially those caused by drug hypersensitivity reactions.
KW - Pharmacogenetics
KW - abacavir
KW - adverse drug reactions
KW - carbamazepine
KW - drug allergy
KW - drug hypersensitivity
KW - nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
KW - pharmacogenomics
KW - β-lactam
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.08.002
DO - 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.08.002
M3 - Review article
C2 - 27720019
AN - SCOPUS:84992222132
SN - 0091-6749
VL - 138
SP - 943
EP - 955
JO - Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
JF - Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
IS - 4
ER -