TY - JOUR
T1 - Phosphate transport in epithelial and nonepithelial tissue
AU - Hernando, Nati
AU - Gagnon, Kenneth
AU - Lederer, Eleanor
N1 - Funding Information:
We acknowledge the research support of the Clinical Research Foundation at the Robley Rex VA Medical Center and the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension within the Department of Medicine at the University of Louisville.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 the American Physiological Society.
PY - 2021/1
Y1 - 2021/1
N2 - Hernando N, Gagnon K, Lederer E. Phosphate Transport in Epithelial and Nonepithelial Tissue. Physiol Rev 101: 1-35, 2021. First published April 30, 2020; doi:10.1152/physrev. 00008.2019.-Phosphate is an essential nutrient for life and is a critical component of bone formation, a major signaling molecule, and structural component of cell walls. Phosphate is also a component of high-energy compounds (i.e., AMP, ADP, and ATP) and essential for nucleic acid helical structure (i.e., RNA and DNA). Phosphate plays a central role in the process of mineralization, normal serum levels being associated with appropriate bone mineralization, while high and low serum levels are associated with soft tissue calcification. The serum concentration of phosphate and the total body content of phosphate are highly regulated, a process that is accomplished by the coordinated effort of two families of sodium-dependent transporter proteins. The three isoforms of the SLC34 family (SLC34A1-A3) show very restricted tissue expression and regulate intestinal absorption and renal excretion of phosphate. SLC34A2 also regulates the phosphate concentration in multiple lumen fluids including milk, saliva, pancreatic fluid, and surfactant. Both isoforms of the SLC20 family exhibit ubiquitous expression (with some variation as to which one or both are expressed), are regulated by ambient phosphate, and likely serve the phosphate needs of the individual cell. These proteins exhibit similarities to phosphate transporters in nonmammalian organisms. The proteins are nonredundant as mutations in each yield unique clinical presentations. Further research is essential to understand the function, regulation, and coordination of the various phosphate transporters, both the ones described in this review and the phosphate transporters involved in intracellular transport.
AB - Hernando N, Gagnon K, Lederer E. Phosphate Transport in Epithelial and Nonepithelial Tissue. Physiol Rev 101: 1-35, 2021. First published April 30, 2020; doi:10.1152/physrev. 00008.2019.-Phosphate is an essential nutrient for life and is a critical component of bone formation, a major signaling molecule, and structural component of cell walls. Phosphate is also a component of high-energy compounds (i.e., AMP, ADP, and ATP) and essential for nucleic acid helical structure (i.e., RNA and DNA). Phosphate plays a central role in the process of mineralization, normal serum levels being associated with appropriate bone mineralization, while high and low serum levels are associated with soft tissue calcification. The serum concentration of phosphate and the total body content of phosphate are highly regulated, a process that is accomplished by the coordinated effort of two families of sodium-dependent transporter proteins. The three isoforms of the SLC34 family (SLC34A1-A3) show very restricted tissue expression and regulate intestinal absorption and renal excretion of phosphate. SLC34A2 also regulates the phosphate concentration in multiple lumen fluids including milk, saliva, pancreatic fluid, and surfactant. Both isoforms of the SLC20 family exhibit ubiquitous expression (with some variation as to which one or both are expressed), are regulated by ambient phosphate, and likely serve the phosphate needs of the individual cell. These proteins exhibit similarities to phosphate transporters in nonmammalian organisms. The proteins are nonredundant as mutations in each yield unique clinical presentations. Further research is essential to understand the function, regulation, and coordination of the various phosphate transporters, both the ones described in this review and the phosphate transporters involved in intracellular transport.
KW - Epithelium
KW - Phosphate transport
KW - Sodium phosphate cotransporters
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85089780700&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85089780700&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1152/physrev.00008.2019
DO - 10.1152/physrev.00008.2019
M3 - Article
C2 - 32353243
AN - SCOPUS:85089780700
VL - 101
SP - 1
EP - 35
JO - Physiological Reviews
JF - Physiological Reviews
SN - 0031-9333
IS - 1
ER -