TY - JOUR
T1 - Physical fitness and risk for heart failure and coronary artery disease
AU - Berry, Jarett D.
AU - Pandey, Ambarish
AU - Gao, Ang
AU - Leonard, David
AU - Farzaneh-Far, Ramin
AU - Ayers, Colby
AU - DeFina, Laura
AU - Willis, Benjamin
PY - 2013/7
Y1 - 2013/7
N2 - Background-Multiple studies have demonstrated strong associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and lower cardiovascular disease mortality. In contrast, little is known about associations of fitness with nonfatal cardiovascular events. Methods and Results-Linking individual participant data from the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study with Medicare claims files, we studied 20 642 participants (21% women) with fitness measured at the mean age of 49 years and who survived to receive Medicare coverage from 1999 to 2009. Fitness was categorized into age- and sex-specific quintiles (Q) according to Balke protocol treadmill time with Q1 as low fitness. Fitness was also estimated in metabolic equivalents according to treadmill time. Associations between midlife fitness and hospitalizations for heart failure and acute myocardial infarction after the age of 65 years were assessed by applying a proportional hazards model to the multivariate failure time data. After 133 514 person-years of Medicare follow-up, we observed 1051 hospitalizations for heart failure and 832 hospitalizations for acute myocardial infarction. Compared with high fitness (Q4-5), low fitness (Q1) was associated with a higher rate of heart failure hospitalization (14.3% versus 4.2%) and hospitalization for myocardial infarction (9.7% versus 4.5%). After multivariable adjustment for baseline age, blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, body mass index, smoking status, and total cholesterol, a 1 unit greater fitness level in metabolic equivalents achieved in midlife was associated with ≈20% lower risk for heart failure hospitalization after the age of 65 years (men: hazard ratio [95% confidence intervals], 0.79 [0.75-0.83]; P<0.001 and women: 0.81 [0.68-0.96]; P=0.01) but just a 10% lower risk for acute myocardial infarction in men (0.91 [0.87-0.95]; P<0.001) and no association in women (0.97 [0.83-1.13]; P=0.68). Conclusions-Fitness in healthy, middle-aged adults is more strongly associated with heart failure hospitalization than acute myocardial infarction outcomes decades later in older age.
AB - Background-Multiple studies have demonstrated strong associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and lower cardiovascular disease mortality. In contrast, little is known about associations of fitness with nonfatal cardiovascular events. Methods and Results-Linking individual participant data from the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study with Medicare claims files, we studied 20 642 participants (21% women) with fitness measured at the mean age of 49 years and who survived to receive Medicare coverage from 1999 to 2009. Fitness was categorized into age- and sex-specific quintiles (Q) according to Balke protocol treadmill time with Q1 as low fitness. Fitness was also estimated in metabolic equivalents according to treadmill time. Associations between midlife fitness and hospitalizations for heart failure and acute myocardial infarction after the age of 65 years were assessed by applying a proportional hazards model to the multivariate failure time data. After 133 514 person-years of Medicare follow-up, we observed 1051 hospitalizations for heart failure and 832 hospitalizations for acute myocardial infarction. Compared with high fitness (Q4-5), low fitness (Q1) was associated with a higher rate of heart failure hospitalization (14.3% versus 4.2%) and hospitalization for myocardial infarction (9.7% versus 4.5%). After multivariable adjustment for baseline age, blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, body mass index, smoking status, and total cholesterol, a 1 unit greater fitness level in metabolic equivalents achieved in midlife was associated with ≈20% lower risk for heart failure hospitalization after the age of 65 years (men: hazard ratio [95% confidence intervals], 0.79 [0.75-0.83]; P<0.001 and women: 0.81 [0.68-0.96]; P=0.01) but just a 10% lower risk for acute myocardial infarction in men (0.91 [0.87-0.95]; P<0.001) and no association in women (0.97 [0.83-1.13]; P=0.68). Conclusions-Fitness in healthy, middle-aged adults is more strongly associated with heart failure hospitalization than acute myocardial infarction outcomes decades later in older age.
KW - Heart failure
KW - Myocardial infarction
KW - Physical fitness
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U2 - 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.112.000054
DO - 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.112.000054
M3 - Article
C2 - 23677924
AN - SCOPUS:84884723668
SN - 1941-3289
VL - 6
SP - 627
EP - 634
JO - Circulation: Heart Failure
JF - Circulation: Heart Failure
IS - 4
ER -