@article{37e30af3981640509fea0867da486f75,
title = "Prenatal exposure to the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos and childhood tremor",
abstract = "Background: The organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPF), widely used for agricultural purposes, has been linked to neurodevelopmental deficits. Possible motor effects at low to moderate levels of exposure have not been evaluated. Methods: Prenatal exposure to CPF was measured in umbilical cord blood in a sample of 263 inner-city minority children, who were followed prospectively. At approximately 11 years of age (mean age 10.9. ±. 0.85 years, range = 9.0-13.9), during a neuropsychological assessment, children were asked to draw Archimedes spirals. These were rated by a senior neurologist specializing in movement disorders who was blind to CPF exposure level. Results: Compared to all other children, those with prenatal CPF exposure in the upper quartile range (n= 43) were more likely to exhibit mild or mild to moderate tremor (≥1) in either arm (p= 0.03), both arms (p= 0.02), the dominant arm (p= 0.01), and the non-dominant arm (p= 0.055). Logistic regression analyses showed significant CPF effects on tremor in both arms, either arm, the dominant arm (p-values <0.05), and the non-dominant arm (p= 0.06), after adjustment for sex, age at testing, ethnicity, and medication. Conclusion: Prenatal CPF exposure is associated with tremor in middle childhood, which may be a sign of the insecticide's effects on nervous system function.",
keywords = "Brain, Children, Chlorpyrifos, Neurodevelopment, Tremor",
author = "Rauh, {Virginia A.} and Garcia, {Wanda E.} and Whyatt, {Robin M.} and Horton, {Megan K.} and Barr, {Dana B.} and Louis, {Elan D.}",
note = "Funding Information: Dr. Rauh has received research support for this work from the National Institutes of Health : NIEHS #R01 ES015579 (principal investigator), NIDA #R01 DA027100 (principal investigator), and #R01 ES015282 (co-investigator). Dr. Rauh has also received support for this work from the National Institutes of Environmental Health and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) Children's Environmental Health Center grant (co-investigator) NIEHS/EPA #P01 ES09600/#R82702701 , NIEHS/EPA #P01 ES09600/#RD83214101 , and NIEHS/EPA #P01 ES09600/# RD83450901 . Funding from all the institutions listed was used toward the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; and the preparation, review, and approval of the manuscript. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the grantee and do not necessarily represent the official views of the US EPA. Further, the US EPA does not endorse the purchase of any commercial products or services mentioned in the publication. Dr. Louis has received research support from the National Institutes of Health : NINDS #R01 NS042859 (principal investigator), NINDS #R01 NS39422 (principal investigator), NINDS #R01 NS086736 (principal investigator), NINDS #R01 NS073872 (principal investigator), NINDS #R01 NS085136 (principal investigator) and NINDS #R01 NS088257 (principal investigator). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2015.",
year = "2015",
month = dec,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1016/j.neuro.2015.09.004",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "51",
pages = "80--86",
journal = "NeuroToxicology",
issn = "0161-813X",
publisher = "Elsevier",
}