TY - JOUR
T1 - Pressure–volume loop-derived cardiac indices during dobutamine stress
T2 - a step towards understanding limitations in cardiac output in children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome
AU - Wong, James
AU - Pushparajah, Kuberan
AU - de Vecchi, Adelaide
AU - Ruijsink, Bram
AU - Greil, Gerald F.
AU - Hussain, Tarique
AU - Razavi, Reza
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016
PY - 2017/3/1
Y1 - 2017/3/1
N2 - Background Children with a single systemic right ventricle, such as in hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), frequently experience reduced exercise capacity. Elucidating the causes could help with optimising treatment strategies. Methods Prospective data from 10 consecutive symptomatic patients with HLHS undergoing clinical cardiac magnetic resonance with catheterisation (XMR) were analysed. Mean age 8.6 years (range 3.5–11.6 years), mean time since Fontan completion 5.5 years. MR-compatible catheters were placed in the systemic right ventricle and branch pulmonary arteries to record pressures at rest, with dobutamine infusion at 10 mcg/kg/min and at 20 mcg/kg/min. Cine short-axis stacks of the ventricle were performed at each condition and used to construct pressure–volume loops. Results Compared to rest, cardiac index increased with low-dose dobutamine (p < 0.01) with no further rise at peak stress despite a further, albeit, blunted rise in heart rate (p = 0.002). A fall in stroke volume occurred (p = 0.014) despite good contractility (74% increase, p = 0.045) and a well-coupled ventriculo-arterial ratio. End-diastolic pressure and early active relaxation, markers of diastolic function, were normal at rest. However, preload fell at peak stress (p < 0.008) while pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) was low throughout. This group of HLHS patients demonstrated a fall in SV at peak stress, coinciding with a fall in preload. Conclusions Markers of systolic and diastolic function remained normal. Failure to adequately fill the ventricle implies a ceiling of maximal flow through the Fontan circuit despite low PVR.
AB - Background Children with a single systemic right ventricle, such as in hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), frequently experience reduced exercise capacity. Elucidating the causes could help with optimising treatment strategies. Methods Prospective data from 10 consecutive symptomatic patients with HLHS undergoing clinical cardiac magnetic resonance with catheterisation (XMR) were analysed. Mean age 8.6 years (range 3.5–11.6 years), mean time since Fontan completion 5.5 years. MR-compatible catheters were placed in the systemic right ventricle and branch pulmonary arteries to record pressures at rest, with dobutamine infusion at 10 mcg/kg/min and at 20 mcg/kg/min. Cine short-axis stacks of the ventricle were performed at each condition and used to construct pressure–volume loops. Results Compared to rest, cardiac index increased with low-dose dobutamine (p < 0.01) with no further rise at peak stress despite a further, albeit, blunted rise in heart rate (p = 0.002). A fall in stroke volume occurred (p = 0.014) despite good contractility (74% increase, p = 0.045) and a well-coupled ventriculo-arterial ratio. End-diastolic pressure and early active relaxation, markers of diastolic function, were normal at rest. However, preload fell at peak stress (p < 0.008) while pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) was low throughout. This group of HLHS patients demonstrated a fall in SV at peak stress, coinciding with a fall in preload. Conclusions Markers of systolic and diastolic function remained normal. Failure to adequately fill the ventricle implies a ceiling of maximal flow through the Fontan circuit despite low PVR.
KW - Catheterisation
KW - Congenital heart disease
KW - Fontan procedure
KW - Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
KW - Magnetic resonance imaging
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U2 - 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.12.087
DO - 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.12.087
M3 - Article
C2 - 28043677
AN - SCOPUS:85009264090
SN - 0167-5273
VL - 230
SP - 439
EP - 446
JO - International Journal of Cardiology
JF - International Journal of Cardiology
ER -