Abstract
Background: A fast, noninvasive test with high sensitivity (SN) and a negative predictive value (NPV), which is able to detect recurrences in bladder cancer (BC) patients, is needed. A newly developed urine assay, Xpert Bladder Cancer Monitor (Xpert), measures five mRNA targets (ABL1, CRH, IGF2, UPK1B, and ANXA10) that are frequently overexpressed in BC. Objective: To validate Xpert characteristics in patients previously diagnosed with non-muscle-invasive BC. Design, setting, and participants: Voided precystoscopy urine samples were prospectively collected at 22 sites. Xpert, cytology, and UroVysion were performed. If cystoscopy was suspicious for BC, a histologic examination was performed. Additionally, technical validation was performed and specificity was determined in patients without a history or clinical evidence of BC. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Test characteristics were calculated based on cystoscopy and histology results, and compared between Xpert, cytology, and UroVysion. Results and limitations: Of the eligible patients, 239 with a history of BC had results for all assays. The mean age was 71 yr; 190 patients were male, 53 never smoked, and 64% had previous intravesical immunotherapy (35%) or chemotherapy (29%). Forty-three cases of recurrences occurred. Xpert had overall SN of 74% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 60–85) and 83% (95% CI: 64–93) for high-grade (HG) tumors. The NPV was 93% (95% CI: 89–96) overall and 98% (95% CI: 94–99) for HG tumors. Specificity was 80% (95% CI: 73–85). Xpert SN and NPV were superior to those of cytology and UroVysion. Specificity in non-BC individuals (n = 508) was 95% (95% CI: 93–97). Conclusions: Xpert has an improved NPV compared with UroVysion and cytology in patients under follow-up for BC. It represents a promising tool for excluding BC in these patients, reducing the need for cystoscopy. Patient summary: Xpert is an easy-to-perform urine test with good performance compared with standard urine tests. It should help optimize the follow-up of recurrent bladder cancer patients. The Xpert test is a mRNA-based urine assay for bladder cancer detection. In recurrent bladder cancer patients, its test characteristics compare favorably with those of UroVysion and cytology. It represents a promising tool for excluding cancer, thus reducing the need for cystoscopy.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 853-860 |
Number of pages | 8 |
Journal | European urology |
Volume | 75 |
Issue number | 5 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - May 2019 |
Keywords
- Bladder cancer
- Cystoscopy
- Diagnostic test
- Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer
- Recurrence
- Sensitivity
- Specificity
- Urine test
- mRNA
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Urology