TY - JOUR
T1 - Quantitative gait analysis in essential tremor reveals impairments that are maintained into advanced age
AU - Rao, Ashwini K.
AU - Gillman, Arthur
AU - Louis, Elan D.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, MD) under grant number 5R01NS042859-07 . We thank all ET subjects, their families and control subjects for participating in the study. Statistical analyses were conducted by Ashwini K. Rao.
Funding Information:
Funding: Ashwini K. Rao has received research support from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (1K01HD060912-01A1, PI), and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (5R01NS042859-06A2, Co-I). Arthur Gillman has not received any support. Elan D. Louis has received research support from the National Institutes of Health: NINDS #R01 NS42859 (principal investigator), NINDS #R01 NS39422 (principal investigator), NINDS #R56 NS042859 (principal investigator), NINDS #T32 NS07153-24 (principal investigator), NIA #2P01 AG0027232-16 (principal investigator), and NINDS #R01 NS36630 (co-Investigator), as well as the Parkinson's Disease Foundation (principal investigator), the Arlene Bronstein Essential Tremor Research Fund (Columbia University), and the Claire O’Neil Essential Tremor Research Fund (Columbia University).
PY - 2011/5
Y1 - 2011/5
N2 - Background: Essential tremor (ET) patients seem to have impaired gait and balance, yet surprisingly few studies have utilized quantitative analysis to study these impairments. With one exception, these prior studies examined gait on a treadmill, which does not approximate functional environmental conditions (level ground). Moreover, these studies tested middle-aged subjects so it remains unclear whether ET patients maintain a pattern of deficits that is in excess of that seen in controls, even into advanced ages. Methods: 104 ET subjects (86.0±4.6, range=75-97 years) and 40 similarly aged controls (84.1±4.2, range=74-94 years) underwent gait testing using the GAITRite® mat under standard walk and tandem walk conditions on level ground. Results: In standard walk, ET patients demonstrated deficits related to gait speed (lower velocity and cadence, p= 0.0001), dynamic imbalance (increased double support percent, p= 0.01), and gait asymmetry (increased step time difference, p= 0.003). During tandem walk, ET patients had lower velocity (p= 0.002) and cadence (p= 0.003), and more mis-steps (p< 0.008) compared with controls. For all variables, ET patients performed more poorly than controls even into advanced ages, as demonstrated in linear regression models. Conclusions: ET patients demonstrated decrement in gait speed, dynamic balance and gait symmetry during standard walk and clear balance impairment during tandem walk. This constellation of impairments is consistent with a cerebellar deficit. ET patients maintained this pattern of deficits, in excess of that seen in controls, into advanced age, reinforcing the importance of gait and balance impairment in this disorder.
AB - Background: Essential tremor (ET) patients seem to have impaired gait and balance, yet surprisingly few studies have utilized quantitative analysis to study these impairments. With one exception, these prior studies examined gait on a treadmill, which does not approximate functional environmental conditions (level ground). Moreover, these studies tested middle-aged subjects so it remains unclear whether ET patients maintain a pattern of deficits that is in excess of that seen in controls, even into advanced ages. Methods: 104 ET subjects (86.0±4.6, range=75-97 years) and 40 similarly aged controls (84.1±4.2, range=74-94 years) underwent gait testing using the GAITRite® mat under standard walk and tandem walk conditions on level ground. Results: In standard walk, ET patients demonstrated deficits related to gait speed (lower velocity and cadence, p= 0.0001), dynamic imbalance (increased double support percent, p= 0.01), and gait asymmetry (increased step time difference, p= 0.003). During tandem walk, ET patients had lower velocity (p= 0.002) and cadence (p= 0.003), and more mis-steps (p< 0.008) compared with controls. For all variables, ET patients performed more poorly than controls even into advanced ages, as demonstrated in linear regression models. Conclusions: ET patients demonstrated decrement in gait speed, dynamic balance and gait symmetry during standard walk and clear balance impairment during tandem walk. This constellation of impairments is consistent with a cerebellar deficit. ET patients maintained this pattern of deficits, in excess of that seen in controls, into advanced age, reinforcing the importance of gait and balance impairment in this disorder.
KW - Aging
KW - Essential tremor
KW - Gait
KW - Motor control
KW - Tandem walk
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U2 - 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.03.013
DO - 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.03.013
M3 - Article
C2 - 21478017
AN - SCOPUS:79957442021
SN - 0966-6362
VL - 34
SP - 65
EP - 70
JO - Gait and Posture
JF - Gait and Posture
IS - 1
ER -