TY - JOUR
T1 - Racial and Ethnic Differences in Presentation, Etiology, and Outcomes of Acute Liver Failure in the United States
AU - Forde, Kimberly A.
AU - Reddy, K. Rajender
AU - Troxel, Andrea B.
AU - Sanders, Corron M.
AU - Lee, William M.
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding Supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (grant no. U-01-58369).
PY - 2009/10
Y1 - 2009/10
N2 - Background & Aims: In patients with chronic liver disease, race plays a role in the rate of survival after transplantation. It is not known how race and ethnicity influence the presentation, etiology, and outcomes in patients with acute liver failure (ALF). Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the ALF Study Group database to assess differences between racial and ethnic groups in subjects with ALF. Results: In the cohort of 927 subjects (81.8% white, 12.8% black, and 5.4% Asian), enrolled between January 1998 and March 2006, age, sex, and level of education were comparable among the groups. Differences were found in the prevalence of psychiatric illness and the use of medications. Racial groups also differed with respect to etiology of ALF. Whites presented more frequently with acetaminophen toxicity (51% vs 27%; P < .001). By day 21, 228 (30%) whites, 46 (39%) blacks, and 11 (22%) Asians had died. There were no significant differences found in the overall mortality rate after adjustment for potential confounders including etiology of ALF, encephalopathy, age, sex, admission laboratory values, and region. The odds of liver transplantation were higher among Asians and Hispanics; however, this finding was attenuated after adjustment for the previously-described confounders (adjusted odds ratio, 1.50; 95% confidence interval, 0.72-3.13; and adjusted odds ratio, 1.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-3.30, respectively). Conclusions: In patients with ALF, there were no significant differences in survival or rate of liver transplantation among racial and ethnic groups except for transplantation in Hispanics.
AB - Background & Aims: In patients with chronic liver disease, race plays a role in the rate of survival after transplantation. It is not known how race and ethnicity influence the presentation, etiology, and outcomes in patients with acute liver failure (ALF). Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the ALF Study Group database to assess differences between racial and ethnic groups in subjects with ALF. Results: In the cohort of 927 subjects (81.8% white, 12.8% black, and 5.4% Asian), enrolled between January 1998 and March 2006, age, sex, and level of education were comparable among the groups. Differences were found in the prevalence of psychiatric illness and the use of medications. Racial groups also differed with respect to etiology of ALF. Whites presented more frequently with acetaminophen toxicity (51% vs 27%; P < .001). By day 21, 228 (30%) whites, 46 (39%) blacks, and 11 (22%) Asians had died. There were no significant differences found in the overall mortality rate after adjustment for potential confounders including etiology of ALF, encephalopathy, age, sex, admission laboratory values, and region. The odds of liver transplantation were higher among Asians and Hispanics; however, this finding was attenuated after adjustment for the previously-described confounders (adjusted odds ratio, 1.50; 95% confidence interval, 0.72-3.13; and adjusted odds ratio, 1.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-3.30, respectively). Conclusions: In patients with ALF, there were no significant differences in survival or rate of liver transplantation among racial and ethnic groups except for transplantation in Hispanics.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=70349545876&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=70349545876&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.cgh.2009.05.029
DO - 10.1016/j.cgh.2009.05.029
M3 - Article
C2 - 19501192
AN - SCOPUS:70349545876
SN - 1542-3565
VL - 7
SP - 1121
EP - 1126
JO - Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology
JF - Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology
IS - 10
ER -