TY - JOUR
T1 - RASAL2, a RAS GTPase-activating protein, inhibits stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition via MAPK/SOX2 pathway in bladder cancer
AU - Hui, Ke
AU - Gao, Yang
AU - Huang, Jun
AU - Xu, Shan
AU - Wang, Bin
AU - Zeng, Jin
AU - Fan, Jinhai
AU - Wang, Xinyang
AU - Yue, Yangyang
AU - Wu, Shiqi
AU - Hsieh, Jer Tsong
AU - He, Dalin
AU - Wu, Kaijie
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgements. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 81572516 to KW; NSFC 81602239 to YG) and International Science and Technology Cooperation and Exchange Program in Shaanxi Province (2016KW-021 to KW).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved.
PY - 2017
Y1 - 2017
N2 - Muscle-invasive or metastatic bladder cancer (BCa) is associated with a very poor prognosis, and the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate RASAL2, a RAS GTPase-activating protein (RAS GAP), acts as a tumor suppressor in BCa. First, RASAL2 was downregulated in BCa specimens and inversely correlated with pathological grades and clinical stages. Furthermore, we observed that RASAL2 could inhibit BCa stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) based on our gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments. Mechanistically, we found that mitogen-activated protein kinase/SOX2 signaling had a critical role for maintaining the stemness and mesenchymal properties of RASAL2-deficient BCa cells because inhibition of ERK activity or knockdown of SOX2 could reverse these phenotypes. Also, RASAL2 could inhibit BCa tumorigenesis and distant metastasis in vivo. Moreover, there was an inverse correlation between RASAL2 expression and the stemness/EMT status in subcutaneous xenograft and human BCa specimens. Taken together, our data indicate that RASAL2 is a tumor suppressor in BCa, and modulates cancer stemness and EMT for BCa recurrence and metastasis.
AB - Muscle-invasive or metastatic bladder cancer (BCa) is associated with a very poor prognosis, and the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate RASAL2, a RAS GTPase-activating protein (RAS GAP), acts as a tumor suppressor in BCa. First, RASAL2 was downregulated in BCa specimens and inversely correlated with pathological grades and clinical stages. Furthermore, we observed that RASAL2 could inhibit BCa stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) based on our gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments. Mechanistically, we found that mitogen-activated protein kinase/SOX2 signaling had a critical role for maintaining the stemness and mesenchymal properties of RASAL2-deficient BCa cells because inhibition of ERK activity or knockdown of SOX2 could reverse these phenotypes. Also, RASAL2 could inhibit BCa tumorigenesis and distant metastasis in vivo. Moreover, there was an inverse correlation between RASAL2 expression and the stemness/EMT status in subcutaneous xenograft and human BCa specimens. Taken together, our data indicate that RASAL2 is a tumor suppressor in BCa, and modulates cancer stemness and EMT for BCa recurrence and metastasis.
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U2 - 10.1038/cddis.2017.9
DO - 10.1038/cddis.2017.9
M3 - Article
C2 - 28182001
AN - SCOPUS:85032488463
SN - 2041-4889
VL - 8
JO - Cell Death and Disease
JF - Cell Death and Disease
IS - 2
M1 - e2600
ER -