Regulated expression of the apolipoprotein E/C-I/C-IV/C-II gene cluster in murine and human macrophages: A critical role for nuclear liver X receptors α and β

Puiying A. Mak, Bryan A. Laffitte, Catherine Desrumaux, Sean B. Joseph, Linda K. Curtiss, David J. Mangelsdorf, Peter Tontonoz, Peter A. Edwards

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

205 Scopus citations

Abstract

Lipid-loaded macrophage "foam cells" accumulate in the subendothelial space during the development of fatty streaks and atherosclerotic lesions. To better understand the consequences of such lipid loading, murine peritoneal macrophages were isolated and incubated with ligands for two nuclear receptors, liver X receptor (LXR) and retinoic acid receptor (RXR). Analysis of the expressed mRNAs using microarray technology led to the identification of four highly induced genes that encode apolipoproteins E, C-I, C-IV, and C-II. Northern blot analysis confirmed that the mRNA levels of these four genes were induced 2-14-fold in response to natural or synthetic ligands for LXR and/or RXR. The induction of all four mRNAs was greatly attenuated in peritoneal macrophages derived from LXRα/β null mice. The two LXR response elements located within the multienhancers ME.1 and ME.2 were shown to be essential for the induction of apoC-II promoter-reporter genes by ligands for LXR and/or RXR. Finally, immunohistochemical studies demonstrate that apoC-II protein co-localizes with macrophages within murine arterial lesions. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that activated LXR induces the expression of the apoE/C-I/C-IV/C-II gene cluster in both human and murine macrophages. These results suggest an alternative mechanism by which lipids are removed from macrophage foam cells.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)31900-31908
Number of pages9
JournalJournal of Biological Chemistry
Volume277
Issue number35
DOIs
StatePublished - Aug 30 2002

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

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