TY - JOUR
T1 - Reliability of capnography in identifying esophageal intubation with carbonated beverage or antacid in the stomach
AU - Sum Ping, S. T.
AU - Mehta, M. P.
AU - Symreng, T.
PY - 1991
Y1 - 1991
N2 - To evaluate the reliability of capnography in identifying esophageal intubation in the presence of a carbonated beverage in the stomach, we first investigated the amount of CO2 released from different carbonated beverages and antacids in a simulated stomach; next we measured the end-expired CO2 level during esophageal ventilation with a carbonated beverage in the stomachs of six swine. CO2 levels of approximately 20% were consistently observed in all carbonated beverages. The CO2 levels obtained with sodium bicarbonate, Maalox, and sodium citrate were 19.3%, 2.0%, and 0%, respectively. CO2 waveforms were observed during esophageal ventilation in five of six animals after intragastric administration of a carbonated beverage. An end-expired CO2 level of 2.5% or more was observed in two swine. The highest end-expired CO2, level measured was 5.3%. We conclude that although capnography is convenient and effective, it lacks all the attributes of an ideal monitor for detecting esophageal intubation.
AB - To evaluate the reliability of capnography in identifying esophageal intubation in the presence of a carbonated beverage in the stomach, we first investigated the amount of CO2 released from different carbonated beverages and antacids in a simulated stomach; next we measured the end-expired CO2 level during esophageal ventilation with a carbonated beverage in the stomachs of six swine. CO2 levels of approximately 20% were consistently observed in all carbonated beverages. The CO2 levels obtained with sodium bicarbonate, Maalox, and sodium citrate were 19.3%, 2.0%, and 0%, respectively. CO2 waveforms were observed during esophageal ventilation in five of six animals after intragastric administration of a carbonated beverage. An end-expired CO2 level of 2.5% or more was observed in two swine. The highest end-expired CO2, level measured was 5.3%. We conclude that although capnography is convenient and effective, it lacks all the attributes of an ideal monitor for detecting esophageal intubation.
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U2 - 10.1213/00000539-199109000-00018
DO - 10.1213/00000539-199109000-00018
M3 - Article
C2 - 1907817
AN - SCOPUS:0025900979
SN - 0003-2999
VL - 73
SP - 333
EP - 337
JO - Anesthesia and analgesia
JF - Anesthesia and analgesia
IS - 3
ER -