TY - JOUR
T1 - REM sleep parasomnias and REM behavior disorder
T2 - Clinical features, diagnosis, and management
AU - Araji, Fayruz
AU - Khan, Safia S.
N1 - Funding Information:
Parasomnias are unexpected and video polysomnography with find-undesirable motor activities during ings of REM activity without atonia sleep. Parasomnias may occur during and video recording of the oneirism. non-rapid eye movement (NREM) Treatment starts with developing a sleep or rapid eye movement (REM) safety plan, improving sleep hygiene, sleep. Nightmare disorder, recurrent and identifying any medications or isolated sleep paralysis, sleep-relat-other triggers such as snoring or leg ed hallucinations, REM behavior dis-movements. Melatonin, benzodiaz-order (RBD), and status dissociatus epines, and a few other medications (agrypnia excitata) are some of the are used for treatment of RBD and REM parasomnias. Parasomnia over-other REM parasomnias. [Psychiatr lap syndrome is a term used for para-Ann. 2021;51(12):560-565.] somnias that occur in both REM and NREM sleep stages, such as catathre-ur conscious brain has two dis- nia. RBD is a parasomnia that occurs tinct alternating stages—wake during REM sleep stage and is char-Oand sleep. While we sleep, acterized by acting out dreams (onei-our brain activity cycles through dif- rism), leading to unwanted motor ferent stages: non-rapid eye movement actions such as kicking, punching, (NREM) sleep stage (which includes or slapping, or sudden abrupt move-stages N1, N2, and N3) and rapid eye ments that can cause unexplained in-movement (REM) sleep stage. Each juries to self or bedpartner. Memory stage of sleep has different characteristic of the associated dream is usually electroencephalographic (EEG) wave From Parkland Medical Hospital, Dallas, Texas (FA, SSK); University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (SSK); and Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, Texas (SSK). Address correspondence to Safia S. Khan, MD, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390; email: Safia.khan@ utsouthwestern.edu. Grant: Safia S. Khan receives a research grant (5R01HL142605) as Co-Investigator from NIH-National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute to study the relationship of obesity and sleep apnea in pregnancy. Disclosure: The authors have no relevant financial relationships to disclose. doi:10.3928/00485713-20211112-01
Publisher Copyright:
© SLACK Incorporated.
PY - 2021/12
Y1 - 2021/12
N2 - Parasomnias are unexpected and undesirable motor activities during sleep. Parasomnias may occur during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Nightmare disorder, recurrent isolated sleep paralysis, sleep-related hallucinations, REM behavior disorder (RBD), and status dissociatus (agrypnia excitata) are some of the REM parasomnias. Parasomnia overlap syndrome is a term used for parasomnias that occur in both REM and NREM sleep stages, such as catathrenia. RBD is a parasomnia that occurs during REM sleep stage and is characterized by acting out dreams (oneirism), leading to unwanted motor actions such as kicking, punching, or slapping, or sudden abrupt movements that can cause unexplained injuries to self or bedpartner. Memory of the associated dream is usually preserved. Diagnosis is obtained via video polysomnography with findings of REM activity without atonia and video recording of the oneirism. Treatment starts with developing a safety plan, improving sleep hygiene, and identifying any medications or other triggers such as snoring or leg movements. Melatonin, benzodiazepines, and a few other medications are used for treatment of RBD and other REM parasomnias.
AB - Parasomnias are unexpected and undesirable motor activities during sleep. Parasomnias may occur during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Nightmare disorder, recurrent isolated sleep paralysis, sleep-related hallucinations, REM behavior disorder (RBD), and status dissociatus (agrypnia excitata) are some of the REM parasomnias. Parasomnia overlap syndrome is a term used for parasomnias that occur in both REM and NREM sleep stages, such as catathrenia. RBD is a parasomnia that occurs during REM sleep stage and is characterized by acting out dreams (oneirism), leading to unwanted motor actions such as kicking, punching, or slapping, or sudden abrupt movements that can cause unexplained injuries to self or bedpartner. Memory of the associated dream is usually preserved. Diagnosis is obtained via video polysomnography with findings of REM activity without atonia and video recording of the oneirism. Treatment starts with developing a safety plan, improving sleep hygiene, and identifying any medications or other triggers such as snoring or leg movements. Melatonin, benzodiazepines, and a few other medications are used for treatment of RBD and other REM parasomnias.
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U2 - 10.3928/00485713-20211112-01
DO - 10.3928/00485713-20211112-01
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85121208007
SN - 0048-5713
VL - 51
SP - 560
EP - 565
JO - Psychiatric Annals
JF - Psychiatric Annals
IS - 12
ER -