Renal cell carcinoma attenuation values on unenhanced CT: importance of multiple, small region-of-interest measurements

John P. McGahan, Kunal Sidhar, Ghaneh Fananapazir, Heather Early, Michael T. Corwin, Stuart G. Silverman, Anthony Seibert

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

15 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objective: Since it has been suggested that benign renal cysts can be diagnosed at unenhanced CT on the basis of homogeneity and attenuations of 20 HU or less, we determined the prevalence of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) with these characteristics using two different methods of measuring attenuation. Materials and methods: After IRB approval, two radiologists obtained unenhanced attenuation values of 104 RCCs (mean size 5.6 cm) using a single, large region of interest (ROI), two-thirds the size of the mass. They were then determined if the masses appeared heterogeneous. Of RCCs measuring 20 HU or less, those which appeared homogeneous were re-measured with multiple (6 or more), small (0.6 cm2 or smaller) ROIs dispersed throughout the lesion. Masses with attenuations 20 HU or less were compared to those with masses with HU greater than 20 for any differences in demographic data. Results: Of 104 RCCS, 24 RCC had HU less than 20 using a large ROI. Of these, 21 appeared heterogeneous and 3 appeared homogeneous. Using multiple small ROIs, these three RCCs revealed maximum attenuation values above 20 HU (Range: 26–32 HU). A greater portion of RCCs measuring 20 HU or less using a large ROI were clear cell sub-type. There were no other differences. Conclusions: Renal cell carcinoma can measure 20 HU or less at unenhanced CT when a single large ROI is used. While most appear heterogeneous, some may appear homogeneous, but will likely reveal attenuations greater than 20 HU when multiple, small ROIs are used. This knowledge may prevent some RCCs from being misdiagnosed as cysts on unenhanced CT.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)2325-2333
Number of pages9
JournalAbdominal Radiology
Volume42
Issue number9
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 1 2017
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • CT
  • Enhanced CT
  • Hounsfield units
  • Kidney
  • Renal cell carcinoma

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Radiological and Ultrasound Technology
  • Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging
  • Gastroenterology
  • Urology

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