TY - JOUR
T1 - Sex-Based Differences in Cardiometabolic Biomarkers
AU - Lew, Jeanney
AU - Sanghavi, Monika
AU - Ayers, Colby R.
AU - McGuire, Darren K
AU - Omland, Torbjørn
AU - Atzler, Dorothee
AU - Gore, Maria O.
AU - Neeland, Ian J
AU - Berry, Jarett D
AU - Khera, Amit
AU - Rohatgi, Anand K
AU - de Lemos, James A
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 American Heart Association, Inc.
PY - 2017/2/7
Y1 - 2017/2/7
N2 - Background: Few data are available comparing cardiovascular disease (CVD) biomarker profiles between women and men in the general population. We analyzed sex-based differences in multiple biomarkers reflecting distinct pathophysiological pathways, accounting for differences between women and men in CVD risk factors, body composition, and cardiac morphology. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed using data from the Dallas Heart Study, a multiethnic population-based study. Associations between sex and 30 distinct biomarkers representative of 6 pathophysiological categories were evaluated using multivariable linear regression adjusting for age, race, traditional CVD risk factors, kidney function, insulin resistance, MRI and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry measures of body composition and fat distribution, and left ventricular mass. Results: After excluding participants with CVD, the study population included 3439 individuals, mean age 43 years, 56% women, and 52% black. Significant sex-based differences were seen in multiple categories of biomarkers, including lipids, adipokines, and biomarkers of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, myocyte injury and stress, and kidney function. In fully adjusted models, women had higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein particle concentration, leptin, d-dimer, homoarginine, and N-Terminal pro B-Type natriuretic peptide, and lower levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, adiponectin, lipoprotein-Associated phospholipase A2 mass and activity, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, soluble endothelial cell adhesion molecule, symmetrical dimethylarginine, asymmetrical dimethylarginine, high-sensitivity troponin T, and cystatin C. Conclusions: Biomarker profiles differ significantly between women and men in the general population. Sex differences were most apparent for biomarkers of adiposity, endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory cell recruitment, and cardiac stress and injury. Future studies are needed to characterize whether pathophysiological processes delineated by these biomarkers contribute to sex-based differences in the development and complications of CVD.
AB - Background: Few data are available comparing cardiovascular disease (CVD) biomarker profiles between women and men in the general population. We analyzed sex-based differences in multiple biomarkers reflecting distinct pathophysiological pathways, accounting for differences between women and men in CVD risk factors, body composition, and cardiac morphology. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed using data from the Dallas Heart Study, a multiethnic population-based study. Associations between sex and 30 distinct biomarkers representative of 6 pathophysiological categories were evaluated using multivariable linear regression adjusting for age, race, traditional CVD risk factors, kidney function, insulin resistance, MRI and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry measures of body composition and fat distribution, and left ventricular mass. Results: After excluding participants with CVD, the study population included 3439 individuals, mean age 43 years, 56% women, and 52% black. Significant sex-based differences were seen in multiple categories of biomarkers, including lipids, adipokines, and biomarkers of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, myocyte injury and stress, and kidney function. In fully adjusted models, women had higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein particle concentration, leptin, d-dimer, homoarginine, and N-Terminal pro B-Type natriuretic peptide, and lower levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, adiponectin, lipoprotein-Associated phospholipase A2 mass and activity, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, soluble endothelial cell adhesion molecule, symmetrical dimethylarginine, asymmetrical dimethylarginine, high-sensitivity troponin T, and cystatin C. Conclusions: Biomarker profiles differ significantly between women and men in the general population. Sex differences were most apparent for biomarkers of adiposity, endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory cell recruitment, and cardiac stress and injury. Future studies are needed to characterize whether pathophysiological processes delineated by these biomarkers contribute to sex-based differences in the development and complications of CVD.
KW - biomarkers
KW - body composition
KW - cardiovascular diseases
KW - menopause
KW - sex
KW - women
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U2 - 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.023005
DO - 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.023005
M3 - Article
C2 - 28153991
AN - SCOPUS:85012085357
SN - 0009-7322
VL - 135
SP - 544
EP - 555
JO - Circulation
JF - Circulation
IS - 6
ER -