Shoulder

The glenohumeral joint is the most mobile joint in the body with a large degree of range of motion. Along with this increased mobility comes a higher degree of instability due to a shallow and smaller glenoid as compared with the humeral head, which can lead to subsequent shoulder injuries. Pathology related to the rotator cuff is the leading cause of shoulder pain and can often present with pain, weakness, and loss of range of motion. However, the differential diagnosis of shoulder pain can be broad and includes labral tears, glenohumeral ligament tears or sprains, acromioclavicular ligament tears, osteoarthritis, adhesive capsulitis, peripheral neuropathy, and cervical radiculopathy. As a result, a thorough examination should include the cervical spine and the contralateral shoulder.