TY - JOUR
T1 - Significant improvement in cardiometabolic health in healthy nonobese individuals during caloric restriction-induced weight loss and weight loss maintenance
AU - Most, Jasper
AU - Gilmore, L. Anne
AU - Smith, Steven R.
AU - Han, Hongmei
AU - Ravussin, Eric
AU - Redman, Leanne M.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Institute of Aging [Grants R01 AG-029914, R01 AG-030226, R01 AG-031797, and U01 AG-020478]
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 American Physiological Society. All rights reserved.
PY - 2018/4
Y1 - 2018/4
N2 - Calorie restriction (CR) triggers benefits for healthspan including decreased risk of cardiometabolic disease (CVD). In an ancillary study to CALERIE 2, a 24-mo 25% CR study, we assessed the cardiometabolic effects of CR in 53 healthy, nonobese (BMI: 22–28 kg/m2) men (n = 17) and women (n = 36). The aim of this study was to investigate whether CR can reduce risk factors for CVD and insulin resistance in nonobese humans and, moreover, to assess whether improvements are exclusive to a period of weight loss or continue during weight maintenance. According to the energy balance method, the 25% CR intervention (n = 34) produced 16.5 ± 1.5% (mean ± SE) and 14.8 ± 1.5% CR after 12 and 24 mo (M12, M24), resulting in significant weight loss (M12 –9 ± 0.5 kg, M24 –9 ± 0.5 kg, P < 0.001). Weight was maintained in the group that continued their habitual diet ad libitum (AL, n = 19). In comparison to AL, 24 mo of CR decreased visceral (–0.5 ± 0.01 kg, P < 0.0001) and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (–1.9 ± 0.2kg, P < 0.001) as well as intramyocellular lipid content (–0.11 ± 0.05%, P = 0.031). Furthermore, CR decreased blood pressure (SBP –8 ± 3 mmHg, P = 0.005; DBP –6 ± 2 mmHg, P < 0.001), total cholesterol (–13.6 ± 5.3 mg/dl, P = 0.001), and LDL-cholesterol (–12.9 ± 4.4 mg/dl, P = 0.005), and the 10-yr risk of CVD-disease was reduced by 30%. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) decreased during weight loss in the CR group (–0.46 ± 0.15, P = 0.003), but this decrease was not maintained during weight maintenance (–0.11 ± 0.15, P = 0.458). In conclusion, sustained CR in healthy, nonobese individuals is beneficial in improving risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic disease such as visceral adipose tissue mass, ectopic lipid accumulation, blood pressure, and lipid profile, whereas improvements in insulin sensitivity were only transient.
AB - Calorie restriction (CR) triggers benefits for healthspan including decreased risk of cardiometabolic disease (CVD). In an ancillary study to CALERIE 2, a 24-mo 25% CR study, we assessed the cardiometabolic effects of CR in 53 healthy, nonobese (BMI: 22–28 kg/m2) men (n = 17) and women (n = 36). The aim of this study was to investigate whether CR can reduce risk factors for CVD and insulin resistance in nonobese humans and, moreover, to assess whether improvements are exclusive to a period of weight loss or continue during weight maintenance. According to the energy balance method, the 25% CR intervention (n = 34) produced 16.5 ± 1.5% (mean ± SE) and 14.8 ± 1.5% CR after 12 and 24 mo (M12, M24), resulting in significant weight loss (M12 –9 ± 0.5 kg, M24 –9 ± 0.5 kg, P < 0.001). Weight was maintained in the group that continued their habitual diet ad libitum (AL, n = 19). In comparison to AL, 24 mo of CR decreased visceral (–0.5 ± 0.01 kg, P < 0.0001) and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (–1.9 ± 0.2kg, P < 0.001) as well as intramyocellular lipid content (–0.11 ± 0.05%, P = 0.031). Furthermore, CR decreased blood pressure (SBP –8 ± 3 mmHg, P = 0.005; DBP –6 ± 2 mmHg, P < 0.001), total cholesterol (–13.6 ± 5.3 mg/dl, P = 0.001), and LDL-cholesterol (–12.9 ± 4.4 mg/dl, P = 0.005), and the 10-yr risk of CVD-disease was reduced by 30%. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) decreased during weight loss in the CR group (–0.46 ± 0.15, P = 0.003), but this decrease was not maintained during weight maintenance (–0.11 ± 0.15, P = 0.458). In conclusion, sustained CR in healthy, nonobese individuals is beneficial in improving risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic disease such as visceral adipose tissue mass, ectopic lipid accumulation, blood pressure, and lipid profile, whereas improvements in insulin sensitivity were only transient.
KW - Caloric restriction
KW - Cardiometabolic health
KW - Ectopic fat accumulation
KW - Physical fitness
KW - Visceral adipose tissue
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U2 - 10.1152/ajpendo.00261.2017
DO - 10.1152/ajpendo.00261.2017
M3 - Article
C2 - 29351490
AN - SCOPUS:85045505226
SN - 0193-1849
VL - 314
SP - E396-E405
JO - American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism
JF - American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism
IS - 4
ER -