SIRT1-dependent regulation of chromatin and transcription: Linking NAD+ metabolism and signaling to the control of cellular functions

Tong Zhang, W. Lee Kraus

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

244 Scopus citations

Abstract

Sirtuins comprise a family of NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases and ADP-ribosyltransferases. Mammalian SIRT1 - a homolog of yeast Sir2, the prototypical member of the sirtuin family - is an important regulator of metabolism, cell differentiation and senescence, stress response, and cancer. As an NAD+-dependent enzyme, SIRT1 regulates gene expression programs in response to cellular metabolic status, thereby coordinating metabolic adaptation of the whole organism. Several important mechanisms have emerged for SIRT1-dependent regulation of transcription. First, SIRT1 can modulate chromatin function through direct deacetylation of histones as well as by promoting alterations in the methylation of histones and DNA, leading to the repression of transcription. The latter is accomplished through the recruitment of other nuclear enzymes to chromatin for histone methylation and DNA CpG methylation, suggesting a broader role of SIRT1 in epigenetic regulation. Second, SIRT1 can interact and deacetylate a broad range of transcription factors and coregulators, thereby regulating target gene expression both positively and negatively. Cellular energy state, specifically NAD+ metabolism, plays a major role in the regulation of SIRT1 activity. Recent studies on the NAD+ biosynthetic enzymes in the salvage pathway, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) and nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 1 (NMNAT-1), have revealed important functions for these enzymes in SIRT1-dependent transcription regulation. The collective molecular actions of SIRT1 control specific patterns of gene expression that modulate a wide variety of physiological outcomes.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1666-1675
Number of pages10
JournalBiochimica et Biophysica Acta - Proteins and Proteomics
Volume1804
Issue number8
DOIs
StatePublished - Aug 2010

Keywords

  • Chromatin
  • Deacetylation
  • Metabolism
  • NAD
  • SIRT1
  • Transcription

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biophysics
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

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