TY - JOUR
T1 - Spatial compartmentalization of lipid droplet biogenesis
AU - Henne, Mike
AU - Goodman, Joel M.
AU - Hariri, Hanaa
N1 - Funding Information:
Support is gratefully acknowledged from the NIH ( R01GM084210 to JMG and R35GM119768 to WMH), American Diabetes Association ( 7-13-BS-055 to JMG), American Heart Association ( 16GRNT27540010 to JMG), The Welch Foundation ( I-1936 to MLR and I-1873 to WMH), and The Searle Foundation ( SSP-2016-1482 to WMH).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019
PY - 2020/1/1
Y1 - 2020/1/1
N2 - Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous organelles that store metabolic energy in the form of neutral lipids (typically triacylglycerols and steryl esters). Beyond being inert energy storage compartments, LDs are dynamic organelles that participate in numerous essential metabolic functions. Cells generate LDs de novo from distinct sub-regions at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), but what determines sites of LD formation remains a key unanswered question. Here, we review the factors that determine LD formation at the ER, and discuss how they work together to spatially and temporally coordinate LD biogenesis. These factors include lipid synthesis enzymes, assembly proteins, and membrane structural requirements. LDs also make contact with other organelles, and these inter-organelle contacts contribute to defining sites of LD production. Finally, we highlight emerging non-canonical roles for LDs in maintaining cellular homeostasis during stress.
AB - Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous organelles that store metabolic energy in the form of neutral lipids (typically triacylglycerols and steryl esters). Beyond being inert energy storage compartments, LDs are dynamic organelles that participate in numerous essential metabolic functions. Cells generate LDs de novo from distinct sub-regions at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), but what determines sites of LD formation remains a key unanswered question. Here, we review the factors that determine LD formation at the ER, and discuss how they work together to spatially and temporally coordinate LD biogenesis. These factors include lipid synthesis enzymes, assembly proteins, and membrane structural requirements. LDs also make contact with other organelles, and these inter-organelle contacts contribute to defining sites of LD production. Finally, we highlight emerging non-canonical roles for LDs in maintaining cellular homeostasis during stress.
KW - Endoplasmic reticulum
KW - Fatty acid
KW - Lipid droplet
KW - Lipotoxicity
KW - Metabolon
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U2 - 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.07.008
DO - 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.07.008
M3 - Review article
C2 - 31352131
AN - SCOPUS:85071330761
SN - 1388-1981
VL - 1865
JO - Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids
JF - Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids
IS - 1
M1 - 158499
ER -