Successful rescue therapy with venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for re-expansion pulmonary oedema in a patient with one lung

Re-expansion pulmonary oedema following the drainage of pleural fluid is rare. We report a patient with 1 lung who developed lifethreatening re-expansion pulmonary oedema following thoracentesis and was rescued with venovenous (VV) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), surviving to discharge 28 days later. An aggressive early rescue therapy with VV ECMO should be pursued for all types of acute lung injury regardless of patient age, comorbidities or transplant candidacy, given the likelihood of native lung recovery following ECMO support.