TY - JOUR
T1 - Synaptic vesicle exocytosis
AU - Südhof, Thomas C.
AU - Rizo-Rey, Jose
PY - 2011/12
Y1 - 2011/12
N2 - Presynaptic nerve terminals release neurotransmitters by synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Membrane fusion mediating synaptic exocytosis and other intracellular membrane traffic is affected by a universal machinery that includes SNARE (for "soluble NSF-attachment protein receptor") and SM (for "Sec1/Munc18-like") proteins. During fusion, vesicular and target SNARE proteins assemble into an a-helical trans-SNARE complex that forces the two membranes tightly together, and SM proteins likely wrap around assembling trans- SNARE complexes to catalyze membrane fusion. After fusion, SNARE complexes are dissociated by the ATPase NSF (for "N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor"). Fusion-competent conformations of SNARE proteins are maintained by chaperone complexes composed of CSPa, Hsc70, and SGT, and by nonenzymatically acting synuclein chaperones; dysfunction of these chaperones results in neurodegeneration. The synaptic membrane-fusion machinery is controlled by synaptotagmin, and additionally regulated by a presynaptic protein matrix (the "active zone") that includes Munc13 and RIM proteins as central components.
AB - Presynaptic nerve terminals release neurotransmitters by synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Membrane fusion mediating synaptic exocytosis and other intracellular membrane traffic is affected by a universal machinery that includes SNARE (for "soluble NSF-attachment protein receptor") and SM (for "Sec1/Munc18-like") proteins. During fusion, vesicular and target SNARE proteins assemble into an a-helical trans-SNARE complex that forces the two membranes tightly together, and SM proteins likely wrap around assembling trans- SNARE complexes to catalyze membrane fusion. After fusion, SNARE complexes are dissociated by the ATPase NSF (for "N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor"). Fusion-competent conformations of SNARE proteins are maintained by chaperone complexes composed of CSPa, Hsc70, and SGT, and by nonenzymatically acting synuclein chaperones; dysfunction of these chaperones results in neurodegeneration. The synaptic membrane-fusion machinery is controlled by synaptotagmin, and additionally regulated by a presynaptic protein matrix (the "active zone") that includes Munc13 and RIM proteins as central components.
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U2 - 10.1101/cshperspect.a005637
DO - 10.1101/cshperspect.a005637
M3 - Article
C2 - 22026965
AN - SCOPUS:84857043732
SN - 1943-0264
VL - 3
JO - Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
JF - Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
IS - 12
ER -