TY - JOUR
T1 - Systemic-to-pulmonary collateral flow in patients with palliated univentricular heart physiology
T2 - Measurement using cardiovascular magnetic resonance 4D velocity acquisition
AU - Valverde, Israel
AU - Nordmeyer, Sarah
AU - Uribe, Sergio
AU - Greil, Gerald
AU - Berger, Felix
AU - Kuehne, Titus
AU - Beerbaum, Philipp
N1 - Funding Information:
We are grateful to Dr Tarique Hussain, Dr Christoph Kiesewetter, Stephen Sinclair, Tracy Moon and John Spence for their invaluable assistance and help. Israel Valverde gratefully acknowledges funding from the EuHeart, Virtual Physiological Human network of excellence (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 224495.
PY - 2012
Y1 - 2012
N2 - Background: Systemic-to-pulmonary collateral flow (SPCF) may constitute a risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality in patients with single-ventricle physiology (SV). However, clinical research is limited by the complexity of multivessel two-dimensional (2D) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) flow measurements. We sought to validate fourdimensional (4D) velocity acquisition sequence for concise quantification of SPCF and flow distribution in patients with SV. Methods: 29 patients with SV physiology prospectively underwent CMR (1.5 T) (n = 14 bidirectional cavopulmonary connection [BCPC], age 2.9 ± 1.3 years; and n = 15 Fontan, 14.4 ± 5.9 years) and 20 healthy volunteers (age, 28.7 ± 13.1 years) served as controls. A single whole-heart 4D velocity acquisition and five 2D flow acquisitions were performed in the aorta, superior/inferior caval veins, right/left pulmonary arteries to serve as gold-standard. The five 2D velocity acquisition measurements were compared with 4D velocity acquisition for validation of individual vessel flow quantification and time efficiency. The SPCF was calculated by evaluating the disparity between systemic (aortic minus caval vein flows) and pulmonary flows (arterial and venour return). The pulmonary right to left and the systemic lower to upper body flow distribution were also calculated. Results: The comparison between 4D velocity and 2D flow acquisitions showed good Bland-Altman agreement for all individual vessels (mean bias, 0.05±0.24 l/min/m2), calculated SPCF (?0.02±0.18 l/min/2) and significantly shorter 4D velocity acquisition-time (12:34 min/17:28 min,p<0.01). 4D velocity acquisition in patients versus controls revealed (1) good agreement between systemic versus pulmonary estimator for SPFC; (2) significant SPCF in patients (BCPC 0.79±0.45 l/min/m2; Fontan 0.62±0.82 l/min/m2) and not in controls (0.01 + 0.16 l/min/m2), (3) inverse relation of right/left pulmonary artery perfusion and right/left SPCF (Pearson = ?0.47,p = 0.01) and (4) upper to lower body flowdistribution trend related to theweight (r = 0.742, p<0.001) similar to the controls. Conclusions:4Dvelocity acquisition is reliable, operator-independent andmore time-efficient than 2Dflowacquisition to quantify SPCF. There is considerable SPCF in BCPC and Fontan patients. SPCF was more pronounced towards the respective lung with less pulmonary arterial flowsuggestingmore collateral flowwhere less anterograde branch pulmonary artery perfusion.
AB - Background: Systemic-to-pulmonary collateral flow (SPCF) may constitute a risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality in patients with single-ventricle physiology (SV). However, clinical research is limited by the complexity of multivessel two-dimensional (2D) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) flow measurements. We sought to validate fourdimensional (4D) velocity acquisition sequence for concise quantification of SPCF and flow distribution in patients with SV. Methods: 29 patients with SV physiology prospectively underwent CMR (1.5 T) (n = 14 bidirectional cavopulmonary connection [BCPC], age 2.9 ± 1.3 years; and n = 15 Fontan, 14.4 ± 5.9 years) and 20 healthy volunteers (age, 28.7 ± 13.1 years) served as controls. A single whole-heart 4D velocity acquisition and five 2D flow acquisitions were performed in the aorta, superior/inferior caval veins, right/left pulmonary arteries to serve as gold-standard. The five 2D velocity acquisition measurements were compared with 4D velocity acquisition for validation of individual vessel flow quantification and time efficiency. The SPCF was calculated by evaluating the disparity between systemic (aortic minus caval vein flows) and pulmonary flows (arterial and venour return). The pulmonary right to left and the systemic lower to upper body flow distribution were also calculated. Results: The comparison between 4D velocity and 2D flow acquisitions showed good Bland-Altman agreement for all individual vessels (mean bias, 0.05±0.24 l/min/m2), calculated SPCF (?0.02±0.18 l/min/2) and significantly shorter 4D velocity acquisition-time (12:34 min/17:28 min,p<0.01). 4D velocity acquisition in patients versus controls revealed (1) good agreement between systemic versus pulmonary estimator for SPFC; (2) significant SPCF in patients (BCPC 0.79±0.45 l/min/m2; Fontan 0.62±0.82 l/min/m2) and not in controls (0.01 + 0.16 l/min/m2), (3) inverse relation of right/left pulmonary artery perfusion and right/left SPCF (Pearson = ?0.47,p = 0.01) and (4) upper to lower body flowdistribution trend related to theweight (r = 0.742, p<0.001) similar to the controls. Conclusions:4Dvelocity acquisition is reliable, operator-independent andmore time-efficient than 2Dflowacquisition to quantify SPCF. There is considerable SPCF in BCPC and Fontan patients. SPCF was more pronounced towards the respective lung with less pulmonary arterial flowsuggestingmore collateral flowwhere less anterograde branch pulmonary artery perfusion.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84862161435&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84862161435&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1186/1532-429X-14-25
DO - 10.1186/1532-429X-14-25
M3 - Article
C2 - 22541134
AN - SCOPUS:84862161435
SN - 1097-6647
VL - 14
JO - Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
JF - Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
IS - 1
M1 - 25
ER -