TY - JOUR
T1 - The effect of inhaled gases on ultrasound contrast agent longevity in vivo
AU - Itani, Malak
AU - Mattrey, Robert F.
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments. This study was supported in part by the NIH ICMIC P50-CA128346 and the NIH Roadmap R21-EB005360 grants. Special thanks to David Fisher (UCSD Dept. of Radiology) for his assistance in this study and for preparing and analyzing the gas mixtures; Eric Benson from Dr. Clifford Kubiak’s laboratory (UCSD Dept. of Chemistry & Biochemistry) for his assistance in performing gas chromatography; Dr. Karen Messer (Moores UCSD Cancer Center Biostatistics/Bioinformatics Shared Resource) for statistical analysis; and Emily Bass for editing the manuscript.
PY - 2012/2
Y1 - 2012/2
N2 - Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the inhaled gas used alongside isoflurane in the anesthetization of small animals on the time-intensity curves (TICs) acquired from ultrasound contrast agents - microbubbles. Procedures: TICs were recorded over the common iliac vein of 12 mice receiving Definity®. Animals were anesthetized with isoflurane, the ventilator was driven by medical air (MA), then in random order, the driving gas was changed for 3 min to: MA (control); pure oxygen (O 2); O 2+ perfluorohexane (PFH:O 2); or O 2+octafluoropropane (OFP:O 2), the perfluorocarbon (PFC) in Definity, followed by a return to MA 3 min later. Results: The mean slope of signal decay was -0.47, -1.05, -1.16, and -1.42 video-intensity units/s for MA, OFP:O 2, PFH:O 2, and O 2, respectively; MA had the slowest decay (p<0.0001). Both PFC mixtures had slower signal decay than O 2, but only OFP:O 2 was significant (p<0.01). When MA was used immediately following dosing, slope gradually decreased (p=0.032) and was two times slower by the fourth injection (p=0.012). Conclusions: Microbubble kinetics are closely associated with the driving gas for inhaled anesthesia. MA has the least effect and should be used when inhaled anesthesia is used. Furthermore, when animals are given multiple injections in the same session, microbubbles last longer with subsequent injections.
AB - Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the inhaled gas used alongside isoflurane in the anesthetization of small animals on the time-intensity curves (TICs) acquired from ultrasound contrast agents - microbubbles. Procedures: TICs were recorded over the common iliac vein of 12 mice receiving Definity®. Animals were anesthetized with isoflurane, the ventilator was driven by medical air (MA), then in random order, the driving gas was changed for 3 min to: MA (control); pure oxygen (O 2); O 2+ perfluorohexane (PFH:O 2); or O 2+octafluoropropane (OFP:O 2), the perfluorocarbon (PFC) in Definity, followed by a return to MA 3 min later. Results: The mean slope of signal decay was -0.47, -1.05, -1.16, and -1.42 video-intensity units/s for MA, OFP:O 2, PFH:O 2, and O 2, respectively; MA had the slowest decay (p<0.0001). Both PFC mixtures had slower signal decay than O 2, but only OFP:O 2 was significant (p<0.01). When MA was used immediately following dosing, slope gradually decreased (p=0.032) and was two times slower by the fourth injection (p=0.012). Conclusions: Microbubble kinetics are closely associated with the driving gas for inhaled anesthesia. MA has the least effect and should be used when inhaled anesthesia is used. Furthermore, when animals are given multiple injections in the same session, microbubbles last longer with subsequent injections.
KW - Contrast-enhanced ultrasound
KW - Definity
KW - Gas anesthesia
KW - Medical air
KW - Mice
KW - Microbubble half-life
KW - Microbubble quantification
KW - Microbubbles
KW - Oxygen
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84861481631&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84861481631&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s11307-011-0475-5
DO - 10.1007/s11307-011-0475-5
M3 - Article
C2 - 21365328
AN - SCOPUS:84861481631
SN - 1536-1632
VL - 14
SP - 40
EP - 46
JO - Molecular Imaging and Biology
JF - Molecular Imaging and Biology
IS - 1
ER -