The energetic brain – A review from students to students

Melina Paula Bordone, Mootaz M. Salman, Haley E. Titus, Elham Amini, Jens V. Andersen, Barnali Chakraborti, Artem V. Diuba, Tatsiana G. Dubouskaya, Eric Ehrke, Andiara Espindola de Freitas, Guilherme Braga de Freitas, Rafaella A. Gonçalves, Deepali Gupta, Richa Gupta, Sharon R. Ha, Isabel A. Hemming, Minal Jaggar, Emil Jakobsen, Punita Kumari, Navya LakkappaAshley P.L. Marsh, Jessica Mitlöhner, Yuki Ogawa, Paidi Ramesh Kumar, Felipe C. Ribeiro, Ahmad Salamian, Suraiya Saleem, Sorabh Sharma, Joana M. Silva, Shripriya Singh, Kunjbihari Sulakhiya, Tesfaye Wolde Tefera, Behnam Vafadari, Anuradha Yadav, Reiji Yamazaki, Constanze I. Seidenbecher

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

137 Scopus citations

Abstract

The past 20 years have resulted in unprecedented progress in understanding brain energy metabolism and its role in health and disease. In this review, which was initiated at the 14th International Society for Neurochemistry Advanced School, we address the basic concepts of brain energy metabolism and approach the question of why the brain has high energy expenditure. Our review illustrates that the vertebrate brain has a high need for energy because of the high number of neurons and the need to maintain a delicate interplay between energy metabolism, neurotransmission, and plasticity. Disturbances to the energetic balance, to mitochondria quality control or to glia–neuron metabolic interaction may lead to brain circuit malfunction or even severe disorders of the CNS. We cover neuronal energy consumption in neural transmission and basic (‘housekeeping’) cellular processes. Additionally, we describe the most common (glucose) and alternative sources of energy namely glutamate, lactate, ketone bodies, and medium chain fatty acids. We discuss the multifaceted role of non-neuronal cells in the transport of energy substrates from circulation (pericytes and astrocytes) and in the supply (astrocytes and microglia) and usage of different energy fuels. Finally, we address pathological consequences of disrupted energy homeostasis in the CNS. (Figure presented.).

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)139-165
Number of pages27
JournalJournal of Neurochemistry
Volume151
Issue number2
DOIs
StatePublished - Oct 1 2019
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • ANLS hypothesis
  • energy homeostasis
  • metabolism
  • neurometabolic coupling
  • neuronal energetic cost
  • synapse

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Biochemistry
  • Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience

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