Time trends in cancer incidence in persons living with HIV/AIDS in the antiretroviral therapy era: 1997-2012

Lesley S. Park, Janet P. Tate, Keith Sigel, David Rimland, Kristina Crothers, Cynthia Gibert, Maria C. Rodriguez-Barradas, Matthew Bidwell Goetz, Roger J. Bedimo, Sheldon T. Brown, Amy C. Justice, Robert Dubrow

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

57 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objective: Utilizing the Veterans Aging Cohort Study, the largest HIV cohort in North America, we conducted one of the few comprehensive comparisons of cancer incidence time trends in HIV-infected (HIV+) versus uninfected persons during the antiretroviral therapy (ART) era. Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: We followed 44 787 HIV+ and 96 852 demographically matched uninfected persons during 1997-2012. We calculated age-, sex-, and race/ethnicity-standardized incidence rates and incidence rate ratios (IRR, HIV+ versus uninfected) over four calendar periods with incidence rate and IRR period trend P values for cancer groupings and specific cancer types. Results: We observed 3714 incident cancer diagnoses in HIV+ and 5760 in uninfected persons. The HIV+ all-cancer crude incidence rate increased between 1997-2000 and 2009-2012 (P trend = 0.0019). However, after standardization, we observed highly significant HIV+ incidence rate declines for all cancer (25% decline; P trend <0.0001), AIDS-defining cancers (55% decline; P trend <0.0001), nonAIDS-defining cancers (NADC; 15% decline; P trend = 0.0003), and nonvirus-related NADC (20% decline; P trend <0.0001); significant IRR declines for all cancer (from 2.0 to 1.6; P trend <0.0001), AIDS-defining cancers (from 19 to 5.5; P trend <0.0001), and nonvirus-related NADC (from 1.4 to 1.2; P trend = 0.049); and borderline significant IRR declines for NADC (from 1.6 to 1.4; P trend = 0.078) and virus-related NADC (from 4.9 to 3.5; P trend = 0.071). Conclusion: Improved HIV care resulting in improved immune function most likely contributed to the HIV+ incidence rate and the IRR declines. Further promotion of early and sustained ART, improved ART regimens, reduction of traditional cancer risk factor (e.g. smoking) prevalence, and evidence-based screening could contribute to future cancer incidence declines among HIV+ persons. ©

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1795-1806
Number of pages12
JournalAIDS
Volume30
Issue number11
DOIs
StatePublished - Jul 17 2016

Keywords

  • AIDS
  • HIV infections
  • cancer
  • neoplasms
  • veterans

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Immunology and Allergy
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

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