TY - GEN
T1 - Towards physics-based interactive simulation of electrocautery procedures using PhysX
AU - Lu, Zhonghua
AU - Sankaranarayanan, Ganesh
AU - Deo, Dhanannjay
AU - Chen, Dingfang
AU - De, Suvranu
PY - 2010
Y1 - 2010
N2 - Haptic enabled virtual reality surgical simulators are increasingly replacing more traditional training tools in teaching hospitals. Development of these simulators may be greatly facilitated using physics libraries such as NVIDIA's PhysX. While volumetric models of soft bodies may be easily generated and simulated using such engines, it is not straightforward to develop complex surgical tasks such as surgical cutting and hence novel algorithms are necessary. Electrocautery is a tissue cutting process used in surgery to burn away soft tissues by localized heating using a specialized probe. Unlike typical surgical cutting with sharp instruments, the electrocautery process depends upon the duration of the tool tissue contact and the rate of heat conduction. The simulation of electrocautery depends on understanding the physics of heat conduction as well as empirical measurements of temperature in the tissue. In this paper we report a physics-based paradigm for the simulation of electrocautery procedures that can directly work on volumetric objects. Based on the solution characteristics of the conduction equation and empirical observations using a thermal imaging camera, we manipulate only the tetrahedral mesh vertices that are inside a sphere of influence whose centre is located at the tip of the electrocautery tool and which expands as a function of time. A 3D orthogonal plane is used to split the tetrahedral mesh vertices along the three Cartesian directions. Examples are provided from a realistic surgical simulation environment.
AB - Haptic enabled virtual reality surgical simulators are increasingly replacing more traditional training tools in teaching hospitals. Development of these simulators may be greatly facilitated using physics libraries such as NVIDIA's PhysX. While volumetric models of soft bodies may be easily generated and simulated using such engines, it is not straightforward to develop complex surgical tasks such as surgical cutting and hence novel algorithms are necessary. Electrocautery is a tissue cutting process used in surgery to burn away soft tissues by localized heating using a specialized probe. Unlike typical surgical cutting with sharp instruments, the electrocautery process depends upon the duration of the tool tissue contact and the rate of heat conduction. The simulation of electrocautery depends on understanding the physics of heat conduction as well as empirical measurements of temperature in the tissue. In this paper we report a physics-based paradigm for the simulation of electrocautery procedures that can directly work on volumetric objects. Based on the solution characteristics of the conduction equation and empirical observations using a thermal imaging camera, we manipulate only the tetrahedral mesh vertices that are inside a sphere of influence whose centre is located at the tip of the electrocautery tool and which expands as a function of time. A 3D orthogonal plane is used to split the tetrahedral mesh vertices along the three Cartesian directions. Examples are provided from a realistic surgical simulation environment.
KW - Date rearrange
KW - Electrocauterization simulation
KW - H.5.2 [information interfaces and presentation]: user interfaces - haptic I/O
KW - Haptic rendering
KW - I.3.7 [computer graphics]: three-dimensional graphics and realism animation and virtual reality
KW - PhysX engine
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U2 - 10.1109/HAPTIC.2010.5444609
DO - 10.1109/HAPTIC.2010.5444609
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:77952680027
SN - 9781424468218
T3 - 2010 IEEE Haptics Symposium, HAPTICS 2010
SP - 515
EP - 518
BT - 2010 IEEE Haptics Symposium, HAPTICS 2010
T2 - 2010 IEEE Haptics Symposium, HAPTICS 2010
Y2 - 25 March 2010 through 26 March 2010
ER -