TY - JOUR
T1 - Translational spatial task and its relationship to HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders and apolipoprotein e in HIV-seropositive women
AU - Morales, Diana
AU - Acevedo, Summer F.
AU - Skolasky, Richard L.
AU - Hechavarria, Rosa
AU - Santiago, Sharon
AU - De La Torre, Tania
AU - Maldonado, Elizabeth
AU - Wojna, Valerie
N1 - Funding Information:
I would like to thank Madeline Collazo for helping with genotyping. The study was funded by National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) grant 1U54RR026139-01A1 and the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities 8U54MD007587 to the University of Puerto Rico-Medical Science Campus, and National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Center for Novel Therapeutics of HIV-associated Cognitive Disorders Pilot Project Grant G12 RR003050 to the John Hopkins University. The study was partially supported by National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) grants S11NS46278 and U54NS43011 (SNRP). The content of this publication is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of NCRR, NIMHD, NIMH, or NINDS. Thanks to Dr. Carlos Pardo at John Hopkins University for the control CSF samples. Thanks to Dr. Jacob Raber at Oregon Health & Science University for permission to use the Memory Island and serving as an excellent mentor. We also appreciate the contribution from Dr. Raul Mayo whom conducted neuropsychological testing of cohort participates and Dr. Avindra Nath for his contribution in the development of the cohort and continuous collaboration with the SNRP. We acknowledge the support of Tirtsa Porrata-Doria and the Molecular Biology Core Lab (grant RR003050). Special thanks go to Robert Ritchie of the RCMI Publications Office (G12 RR003050).
PY - 2012/12
Y1 - 2012/12
N2 - HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) continue to be a neurological complication of HIV infection in the era of combined antiretroviral therapy. Hippocampal neurodegeneration and dysfunction occurs as a result of HIV infection, but few studies to date have assesses spatial learning and memory function in patients with HAND. We used the Memory Island (MI) test to study the effects of HIV infection, apolipoprotein E (ApoE) allele status, and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) ApoE protein levels on spatial learning and memory in our cohort of Hispanic women. The MI test is a virtual reality-based computer program that tests spatial learning and memory and was designed to resemble the Morris Water Maze test of hippocampal function widely used in rodent studies. In the current study, HIV-seropositive women (n = 20) and controls (n = 16) were evaluated with neuropsychological (NP) tests, the MI test, ApoE, and CSF ApoE assays. On the MI, the HIV-seropositive group showed significant reduced learning and delayed memory performance compared with HIV-seronegative controls. When stratified by cognitive performance on NP tests, the HIV-seropositive, cognitively impaired group performed worse than HIV-seronegative controls in ability to learn and in the delayed memory trial. Interestingly, differences were observed in the results obtained by the NP tests and the MI test for ε4 carriers and noncarriers: NP tests showed effects of the ε4 allele in HIV-seronegative women but not HIV-seropositive ones, whereas the converse was true for the MI test. Our findings suggest that the MI test is sensitive in detecting spatial deficits in HIV-seropositive women and that these deficits may arise relatively early in the course of HAND.
AB - HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) continue to be a neurological complication of HIV infection in the era of combined antiretroviral therapy. Hippocampal neurodegeneration and dysfunction occurs as a result of HIV infection, but few studies to date have assesses spatial learning and memory function in patients with HAND. We used the Memory Island (MI) test to study the effects of HIV infection, apolipoprotein E (ApoE) allele status, and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) ApoE protein levels on spatial learning and memory in our cohort of Hispanic women. The MI test is a virtual reality-based computer program that tests spatial learning and memory and was designed to resemble the Morris Water Maze test of hippocampal function widely used in rodent studies. In the current study, HIV-seropositive women (n = 20) and controls (n = 16) were evaluated with neuropsychological (NP) tests, the MI test, ApoE, and CSF ApoE assays. On the MI, the HIV-seropositive group showed significant reduced learning and delayed memory performance compared with HIV-seronegative controls. When stratified by cognitive performance on NP tests, the HIV-seropositive, cognitively impaired group performed worse than HIV-seronegative controls in ability to learn and in the delayed memory trial. Interestingly, differences were observed in the results obtained by the NP tests and the MI test for ε4 carriers and noncarriers: NP tests showed effects of the ε4 allele in HIV-seronegative women but not HIV-seropositive ones, whereas the converse was true for the MI test. Our findings suggest that the MI test is sensitive in detecting spatial deficits in HIV-seropositive women and that these deficits may arise relatively early in the course of HAND.
KW - Apolipoprotein E
KW - Cognitive impairment
KW - HAND
KW - HIV
KW - Spatial memory
KW - Women
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U2 - 10.1007/s13365-012-0128-8
DO - 10.1007/s13365-012-0128-8
M3 - Article
C2 - 22972599
AN - SCOPUS:84875752631
SN - 1355-0284
VL - 18
SP - 488
EP - 502
JO - Journal of NeuroVirology
JF - Journal of NeuroVirology
IS - 6
ER -