TY - JOUR
T1 - Two versions of dependence
T2 - D.S.M.-III and the alcohol dependence syndrome
AU - Caetano, Raul
N1 - Funding Information:
Preparation of this paper was supported by a National Research Center grant (AA 05595) and by grant AA 06050 from the U.S. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism to the Alcohol Research Group, Institute of Epidemiology and Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Institute of San Francisco. I would like to thank W. Clark and R. Room for their comments on earlier versions of this paper,
PY - 1985/5
Y1 - 1985/5
N2 - This paper reviews the concepts of dependence on alcohol as embodied by the Alcohol Dependence Syndrome and as proposed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association (D.S.M.-III). Evidence in support of the unidimensionality of this concept is still controversial, and the elements necessary to diagnose dependence under each of these two proposals are different. Alcohol Dependence in the D.S.M.-III has indicators of social and occupational impairment which are not part of the Alcohol Dependence Syndrome. Knowledge on the concept of dependence will advance more rapidly if researchers begin to develop comparative studies of these two models. Future work should also include studies in the general population, with women, ethnic minorities and cross-cultural research. Longitudinal research to establish the evolution of dependence both in clinical and general populations should also be developed.
AB - This paper reviews the concepts of dependence on alcohol as embodied by the Alcohol Dependence Syndrome and as proposed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association (D.S.M.-III). Evidence in support of the unidimensionality of this concept is still controversial, and the elements necessary to diagnose dependence under each of these two proposals are different. Alcohol Dependence in the D.S.M.-III has indicators of social and occupational impairment which are not part of the Alcohol Dependence Syndrome. Knowledge on the concept of dependence will advance more rapidly if researchers begin to develop comparative studies of these two models. Future work should also include studies in the general population, with women, ethnic minorities and cross-cultural research. Longitudinal research to establish the evolution of dependence both in clinical and general populations should also be developed.
KW - Alcohol Dependence Syndrome
KW - D.S.M.-III
KW - Dependence Concept
KW - Review
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U2 - 10.1016/0376-8716(85)90033-X
DO - 10.1016/0376-8716(85)90033-X
M3 - Article
C2 - 4017882
AN - SCOPUS:0021815868
SN - 0376-8716
VL - 15
SP - 81
EP - 103
JO - Drug and Alcohol Dependence
JF - Drug and Alcohol Dependence
IS - 1-2
ER -