Vagal tone monitoring: A potential indicator of anti-cholinesterase exposure in Macaca mulatta

J. A. Dellinger; H. T. Jansen; D. J. Zaber; S. G. Birnbaum

doi:10.1016/0300-483X(88)90003-0

Vagal tone monitoring: A potential indicator of anti-cholinesterase exposure in Macaca mulatta

J. A. Dellinger, H. T. Jansen, D. J. Zaber, S. G. Birnbaum

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6 Scopus citations

Abstract

A vagal tone monitor (VTM) was used to evaluate cardiac rhythm changes in Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) after intramuscular (i.m.) administration of an anti-cholinergic (atropine sulfate), two carbamates (pyridostigmine bromide and physostigmine salicylate), and combinations of pyridostigmine and atropine. Twelve monkeys were studied in 4 experiments using Latin Square blind designs. Experiment I tested the VTM responses to atropine sulfate injections of 0, 14, 44 and 140 μg/kg. Experiment II tested the responses to 0, 100, 200 adn 400 μg/kg pyridostigmine injections. Experiment III tested the responses to physostigmine injections of 0, 25, 50 and 100 μg/kg. Experiment IV tested the same atropine sulfate treatments as Experiment I 30 min after a pyridostigmine pretreatment of 200 μg/kg. The VTM analysis produced an estimate of vagal tone (V) every 30 s, and V was averaged over 15 min. The results indicated that V responded more to physostigmine and atropine than pyridostigmine. There was also an attenuated response to atropine following pyridostigmine pretreatment. The attenuated response had been demonstrated earlier in organophosphate (OP) treated dogs. The results suggest that V may be used as a non-invasive indicator of cholinergic drug effects.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	227-235
Number of pages	9
Journal	Toxicology
Volume	49
Issue number	2-3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-483X(88)90003-0
State	Published - May 1988

Keywords

Atropine sulfate
Electrocardiogram
Physostigmine
Pyridostigmine
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia
Rhesus monkeys
Vagal tone

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Toxicology

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10.1016/0300-483X(88)90003-0

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@article{d7dcba34cb4e430c8090e2f3b329e57c,

title = "Vagal tone monitoring: A potential indicator of anti-cholinesterase exposure in Macaca mulatta",

abstract = "A vagal tone monitor (VTM) was used to evaluate cardiac rhythm changes in Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) after intramuscular (i.m.) administration of an anti-cholinergic (atropine sulfate), two carbamates (pyridostigmine bromide and physostigmine salicylate), and combinations of pyridostigmine and atropine. Twelve monkeys were studied in 4 experiments using Latin Square blind designs. Experiment I tested the VTM responses to atropine sulfate injections of 0, 14, 44 and 140 μg/kg. Experiment II tested the responses to 0, 100, 200 adn 400 μg/kg pyridostigmine injections. Experiment III tested the responses to physostigmine injections of 0, 25, 50 and 100 μg/kg. Experiment IV tested the same atropine sulfate treatments as Experiment I 30 min after a pyridostigmine pretreatment of 200 μg/kg. The VTM analysis produced an estimate of vagal tone (V) every 30 s, and V was averaged over 15 min. The results indicated that V responded more to physostigmine and atropine than pyridostigmine. There was also an attenuated response to atropine following pyridostigmine pretreatment. The attenuated response had been demonstrated earlier in organophosphate (OP) treated dogs. The results suggest that V may be used as a non-invasive indicator of cholinergic drug effects.",

keywords = "Atropine sulfate, Electrocardiogram, Physostigmine, Pyridostigmine, Respiratory sinus arrhythmia, Rhesus monkeys, Vagal tone",

author = "Dellinger, {J. A.} and Jansen, {H. T.} and Zaber, {D. J.} and Birnbaum, {S. G.}",

note = "Funding Information: Key words: Atropine sulfate; Electrocardiogram; Physostigmine; Pyridostigmine; Rhesus monkeys; Vagal tone; Respiratory sinus arrhytbmia *This research was supported by the U.S. Air Force under a subcontract from the University of Utah, Utah Consortium for research and education, contract number 433615-83-D-0603,T ask 18. The animals involved in this study were procured, maintained, and used in accordance with the Animal Welfare Act and the {"}Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals,{"} Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources-National Research Council. The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official Department of the Air Force position, policy, or decision, unless so designated by other documentation.",

year = "1988",

month = may,

doi = "10.1016/0300-483X(88)90003-0",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "49",

pages = "227--235",

journal = "Toxicology",

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T1 - Vagal tone monitoring

T2 - A potential indicator of anti-cholinesterase exposure in Macaca mulatta

AU - Dellinger, J. A.

AU - Jansen, H. T.

AU - Zaber, D. J.

AU - Birnbaum, S. G.

N1 - Funding Information: Key words: Atropine sulfate; Electrocardiogram; Physostigmine; Pyridostigmine; Rhesus monkeys; Vagal tone; Respiratory sinus arrhytbmia *This research was supported by the U.S. Air Force under a subcontract from the University of Utah, Utah Consortium for research and education, contract number 433615-83-D-0603,T ask 18. The animals involved in this study were procured, maintained, and used in accordance with the Animal Welfare Act and the "Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals," Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources-National Research Council. The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official Department of the Air Force position, policy, or decision, unless so designated by other documentation.

PY - 1988/5

Y1 - 1988/5

N2 - A vagal tone monitor (VTM) was used to evaluate cardiac rhythm changes in Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) after intramuscular (i.m.) administration of an anti-cholinergic (atropine sulfate), two carbamates (pyridostigmine bromide and physostigmine salicylate), and combinations of pyridostigmine and atropine. Twelve monkeys were studied in 4 experiments using Latin Square blind designs. Experiment I tested the VTM responses to atropine sulfate injections of 0, 14, 44 and 140 μg/kg. Experiment II tested the responses to 0, 100, 200 adn 400 μg/kg pyridostigmine injections. Experiment III tested the responses to physostigmine injections of 0, 25, 50 and 100 μg/kg. Experiment IV tested the same atropine sulfate treatments as Experiment I 30 min after a pyridostigmine pretreatment of 200 μg/kg. The VTM analysis produced an estimate of vagal tone (V) every 30 s, and V was averaged over 15 min. The results indicated that V responded more to physostigmine and atropine than pyridostigmine. There was also an attenuated response to atropine following pyridostigmine pretreatment. The attenuated response had been demonstrated earlier in organophosphate (OP) treated dogs. The results suggest that V may be used as a non-invasive indicator of cholinergic drug effects.

AB - A vagal tone monitor (VTM) was used to evaluate cardiac rhythm changes in Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) after intramuscular (i.m.) administration of an anti-cholinergic (atropine sulfate), two carbamates (pyridostigmine bromide and physostigmine salicylate), and combinations of pyridostigmine and atropine. Twelve monkeys were studied in 4 experiments using Latin Square blind designs. Experiment I tested the VTM responses to atropine sulfate injections of 0, 14, 44 and 140 μg/kg. Experiment II tested the responses to 0, 100, 200 adn 400 μg/kg pyridostigmine injections. Experiment III tested the responses to physostigmine injections of 0, 25, 50 and 100 μg/kg. Experiment IV tested the same atropine sulfate treatments as Experiment I 30 min after a pyridostigmine pretreatment of 200 μg/kg. The VTM analysis produced an estimate of vagal tone (V) every 30 s, and V was averaged over 15 min. The results indicated that V responded more to physostigmine and atropine than pyridostigmine. There was also an attenuated response to atropine following pyridostigmine pretreatment. The attenuated response had been demonstrated earlier in organophosphate (OP) treated dogs. The results suggest that V may be used as a non-invasive indicator of cholinergic drug effects.

KW - Atropine sulfate

KW - Electrocardiogram

KW - Physostigmine

KW - Pyridostigmine

KW - Respiratory sinus arrhythmia

KW - Rhesus monkeys

KW - Vagal tone

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Vagal tone monitoring: A potential indicator of anti-cholinesterase exposure in Macaca mulatta

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Keywords

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