Women of child-bearing age have better inhospital cardiac arrest survival outcomes than do equal-aged men

Objectives: Estrogen and progesterone improve neurologic outcomes in experimental models of cardiac arrest and stroke. Our objective was to determine whether women of child-bearing age are more likely than men to survive to hospital discharge after in-hospital cardiac arrest. Design: Prospective, observational study. Setting: Five hundred nineteen hospitals in the National Registry of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation database. Patients: Patients included 95,852 men and women 15-44 yrs and 56 yrs or older with pulseless cardiac arrests from January 1, 2000 through July 31, 2008. Measurements and main results: Patients were stratified a priori by gender and age groups (15-44 yrs and ≥56 yrs). Fixed-effects regression conditioning on hospital was used to examine the relationship between age, gender, and survival outcomes. The unadjusted survival to discharge rate for younger women of child-bearing age (15-44 yrs) was 19% (940/4887) vs. 17% (1203/7025) for younger men (p =.013). The adjusted hospital discharge difference between these younger women and men was 2.8% (95% confidence interval, 1.0% to 4.6%; p =.002), and these younger women also had a 2.6% (95% confidence interval, 0.9% to 4.3%; p =.002) absolute increase in favorable neurologic outcome. For older women compared with men (≥56 yrs), there were no demonstrable differences in discharge rates (18% vs. 18%; adjusted difference,-0.1%; 95% confidence interval,-0.9% to 0.6%; p =.68) or favorable neurologic outcome (14% vs. 14%; adjusted difference,-0.1%; 95% confidence interval,-0.7% to 0.5%; p =.74). Conclusions: Women of child-bearing age were more likely than comparably aged men to survive to hospital discharge after in-hospital cardiac arrest, even after controlling for etiology of arrest and other important variables.