TY - JOUR
T1 - Association between immune-related adverse event timing and treatment outcomes
AU - Hsiehchen, David
AU - Naqash, Abdul Rafeh
AU - Espinoza, Magdalena
AU - Von Itzstein, Mitchell S.
AU - Cortellini, Alessio
AU - Ricciuti, Biagio
AU - Owen, Dwight H.
AU - Laharwal, Mehak
AU - Toi, Yukihiro
AU - Burke, Michael
AU - Xie, Yang
AU - Gerber, David E.
N1 - Funding Information:
Funded in part by a Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas Award (RP200549; to DH), aNational Cancer Institute Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented Research (K24 CA201543-01; to DEG), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (1U01AI156189-01; to DEG), an American Cancer Society-Melanoma Research Alliance Team Award (MRAT-18-114-01-LIB; to DEG), a V Foundation Robin Roberts Cancer Survivorship Award (DT2019-007; to DEG), and the University of Texas Lung Cancer Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) (P50CA070907-21). The funding organizations had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication. Dr. Hsiehchen had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - The timing of immune-related adverse events (irAE) associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) is highly variable. Although the development of irAE has been associated with ICI clinical benefit, how irAE timing influences this association is unknown. We analyzed two independent cohorts including 154 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors at a single institution (UTSW cohort) and a multi-center cohort of 433 patients with NSCLC who received second-line anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy (Global cohort) to assess the association between ICI outcomes and irAE timing. In both cohorts, late-onset irAE occurring more than 3 months after ICI initiation compared to irAE occurring earlier were associated with greater rates of radiographic response (UTSW cohort, 41% versus 28%, P = .26; Global cohort, 60% versus 35%, P = .02), longer progression-free (UTSW cohort, 13.7 versus 5.6 months, P < .01; Global cohort, not reached versus 6.0 months, P < .01) and overall survival (UTSW cohort, 30.9 versus 14.6 months, P < .01; Global cohort, not reached versus 10.6 months, P < .01). Modified landmark analysis at 6 months confirmed an overall survival difference between early- and late-onset irAE. Late-onset irAE was similarly associated with greater response rates and prolonged survival in a cohort of 130 patients with non-NSCLC malignancies, suggesting a conserved association across tumor types. The favorable association between irAE and ICI clinical outcomes may be attributed to later-onset events, which is not wholly explained by survivor bias. These results allude to a distinct biology between early- and late-onset irAE and may guide clinician expectations and thresholds for continuing or modifying immunotherapy.
AB - The timing of immune-related adverse events (irAE) associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) is highly variable. Although the development of irAE has been associated with ICI clinical benefit, how irAE timing influences this association is unknown. We analyzed two independent cohorts including 154 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors at a single institution (UTSW cohort) and a multi-center cohort of 433 patients with NSCLC who received second-line anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy (Global cohort) to assess the association between ICI outcomes and irAE timing. In both cohorts, late-onset irAE occurring more than 3 months after ICI initiation compared to irAE occurring earlier were associated with greater rates of radiographic response (UTSW cohort, 41% versus 28%, P = .26; Global cohort, 60% versus 35%, P = .02), longer progression-free (UTSW cohort, 13.7 versus 5.6 months, P < .01; Global cohort, not reached versus 6.0 months, P < .01) and overall survival (UTSW cohort, 30.9 versus 14.6 months, P < .01; Global cohort, not reached versus 10.6 months, P < .01). Modified landmark analysis at 6 months confirmed an overall survival difference between early- and late-onset irAE. Late-onset irAE was similarly associated with greater response rates and prolonged survival in a cohort of 130 patients with non-NSCLC malignancies, suggesting a conserved association across tumor types. The favorable association between irAE and ICI clinical outcomes may be attributed to later-onset events, which is not wholly explained by survivor bias. These results allude to a distinct biology between early- and late-onset irAE and may guide clinician expectations and thresholds for continuing or modifying immunotherapy.
KW - Immune checkpoint inhibitor
KW - immune-related adverse event
KW - latency
KW - predictive marker
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85122343981&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85122343981&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1080/2162402X.2021.2017162
DO - 10.1080/2162402X.2021.2017162
M3 - Article
C2 - 35003896
AN - SCOPUS:85122343981
VL - 11
JO - OncoImmunology
JF - OncoImmunology
SN - 2162-4011
IS - 1
M1 - 2017162
ER -