TY - JOUR
T1 - Binding of Phage-Encoded FlaGrab to Motile Campylobacter jejuni Flagella Inhibits Growth, Downregulates Energy Metabolism, and Requires Specific Flagellar Glycans
AU - Sacher, Jessica C.
AU - Shajahan, Asif
AU - Butcher, James
AU - Patry, Robert T.
AU - Flint, Annika
AU - Hendrixson, David R.
AU - Stintzi, Alain
AU - Azadi, Parastoo
AU - Szymanski, Christine M.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Dennis Linton for the cj1295 mutagenesis construct, Cory Wenzel for helpful discussions, and Jan Zheng for help in creating Figure 4. This work was adapted from work published in JS's doctoral thesis (Sacher, 2018). Funding. JS is a recipient of an NSERC Alexander Graham Bell Canada Graduate Student Scholarship. CS is an Alberta Innovates Strategic Chair in Bacterial Glycomics. Research in ASt laboratory was supported by CIHR grant MOP#84224. The glycan analysis was supported by US Department of Energy Grants DE-SC0015662 and NIH Grants S10OD018530 and P41GM103490 to PA. Research in DH's laboratory was supported by NIH grant R01AI065539.
Funding Information:
JS is a recipient of an NSERC Alexander Graham Bell Canada Graduate Student Scholarship. CS is an Alberta Innovates Strategic Chair in Bacterial Glycomics. Research in ASt laboratory was supported by CIHR grant MOP#84224. The glycan analysis was supported by US Department of Energy Grants DE-SC0015662 and NIH Grants S10OD018530 and P41GM103490 to PA. Research in DH’s laboratory was supported by NIH grant R01AI065539.
Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright © 2020 Sacher, Shajahan, Butcher, Patry, Flint, Hendrixson, Stintzi, Azadi and Szymanski.
PY - 2020/3/20
Y1 - 2020/3/20
N2 - Many bacterial pathogens display glycosylated surface structures that contribute to virulence, and targeting these structures is a viable strategy for pathogen control. The foodborne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni expresses a vast diversity of flagellar glycans, and flagellar glycosylation is essential for its virulence. Little is known about why C. jejuni encodes such a diverse set of flagellar glycans, but it has been hypothesized that evolutionary pressure from bacteriophages (phages) may have contributed to this diversity. However, interactions between Campylobacter phages and host flagellar glycans have not been characterized in detail. Previously, we observed that Gp047 (now renamed FlaGrab), a conserved Campylobacter phage protein, binds to C. jejuni flagella displaying the nine-carbon monosaccharide 7-acetamidino-pseudaminic acid, and that this binding partially inhibits cell growth. However, the mechanism of this growth inhibition, as well as how C. jejuni might resist this activity, are not well-understood. Here we use RNA-Seq to show that FlaGrab exposure leads C. jejuni 11168 cells to downregulate expression of energy metabolism genes, and that FlaGrab-induced growth inhibition is dependent on motile flagella. Our results are consistent with a model whereby FlaGrab binding transmits a signal through flagella that leads to retarded cell growth. To evaluate mechanisms of FlaGrab resistance in C. jejuni, we characterized the flagellar glycans and flagellar glycosylation loci of two C. jejuni strains naturally resistant to FlaGrab binding. Our results point toward flagellar glycan diversity as the mechanism of resistance to FlaGrab. Overall, we have further characterized the interaction between this phage-encoded flagellar glycan-binding protein and C. jejuni, both in terms of mechanism of action and mechanism of resistance. Our results suggest that C. jejuni encodes as-yet unidentified mechanisms for generating flagellar glycan diversity, and point to phage proteins as exciting lenses through which to study bacterial surface glycans.
AB - Many bacterial pathogens display glycosylated surface structures that contribute to virulence, and targeting these structures is a viable strategy for pathogen control. The foodborne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni expresses a vast diversity of flagellar glycans, and flagellar glycosylation is essential for its virulence. Little is known about why C. jejuni encodes such a diverse set of flagellar glycans, but it has been hypothesized that evolutionary pressure from bacteriophages (phages) may have contributed to this diversity. However, interactions between Campylobacter phages and host flagellar glycans have not been characterized in detail. Previously, we observed that Gp047 (now renamed FlaGrab), a conserved Campylobacter phage protein, binds to C. jejuni flagella displaying the nine-carbon monosaccharide 7-acetamidino-pseudaminic acid, and that this binding partially inhibits cell growth. However, the mechanism of this growth inhibition, as well as how C. jejuni might resist this activity, are not well-understood. Here we use RNA-Seq to show that FlaGrab exposure leads C. jejuni 11168 cells to downregulate expression of energy metabolism genes, and that FlaGrab-induced growth inhibition is dependent on motile flagella. Our results are consistent with a model whereby FlaGrab binding transmits a signal through flagella that leads to retarded cell growth. To evaluate mechanisms of FlaGrab resistance in C. jejuni, we characterized the flagellar glycans and flagellar glycosylation loci of two C. jejuni strains naturally resistant to FlaGrab binding. Our results point toward flagellar glycan diversity as the mechanism of resistance to FlaGrab. Overall, we have further characterized the interaction between this phage-encoded flagellar glycan-binding protein and C. jejuni, both in terms of mechanism of action and mechanism of resistance. Our results suggest that C. jejuni encodes as-yet unidentified mechanisms for generating flagellar glycan diversity, and point to phage proteins as exciting lenses through which to study bacterial surface glycans.
KW - Campylobacter jejuni
KW - bacterial surface structures
KW - bacteriophages
KW - flagella
KW - mass spectrometry
KW - motility
KW - protein glycosylation
KW - pseudaminic acid
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85083114619&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85083114619&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00397
DO - 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00397
M3 - Article
C2 - 32265863
AN - SCOPUS:85083114619
VL - 11
JO - Frontiers in Microbiology
JF - Frontiers in Microbiology
SN - 1664-302X
M1 - 397
ER -