Biphase external fixation: Technique and application

External fixation of facial fractures was first introduced during the Second World War when the lack of antibiotics required rapid immobilization of fracture segments at a site distal from the 'fracture itself. Although limited, indications for external fixation still exist and include mandibular fractures associated with loss of mandibular tissue and of osteitis, mandibular defects following resection for carcinoma and complicated Le Forte and zygomatic fractures. Advantages of external fixation' include stabilization of bone fragments at a point remote from the pathologic process, minimal operative time, and an unobstructed oral cavity.