TY - JOUR
T1 - Composite analysis of immunological and metabolic markers defines novel subtypes of triple negative breast cancer
AU - Adams, Thomas A.
AU - Vail, Paris J.
AU - Ruiz, Amanda
AU - Mollaee, Mehri
AU - McCue, Peter A.
AU - Knudsen, Erik S.
AU - Witkiewicz, Agnieszka K.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by NIH grants to AKW (CA163863) and ESK (CA188650).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 USCAP, Inc All rights reserved.
PY - 2018/2/1
Y1 - 2018/2/1
N2 - Cancer biology is influenced by the tumor microenvironment, which impacts disease prognosis and therapeutic interventions. The inter-relationship of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, immune response regulators, and a glycolytic tumor environment was evaluated in a cohort of 183 largely consecutive patients with triple negative breast cancer diagnosis. High levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were associated with improved survival of triple negative breast cancer cases. However, elevated levels of PD-L1, CD163, and FOXP3 were individually associated with significantly decreased overall survival. These three determinants were significantly correlated, and could serve to differentiate the prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Interestingly, a glycolytic tumor environment, as determined by the expression of MCT4 in the tumor stroma, was associated with the immune evasive environment and poor prognosis. Clustering of all markers defined four distinct triple negative breast cancer subtypes that harbored prognostic significance in multivariate analysis. Immune and metabolic markers stratified triple negative breast cancer into subtypes that have prognostic significance and implications for therapies targeting immune checkpoints and tumor metabolism.
AB - Cancer biology is influenced by the tumor microenvironment, which impacts disease prognosis and therapeutic interventions. The inter-relationship of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, immune response regulators, and a glycolytic tumor environment was evaluated in a cohort of 183 largely consecutive patients with triple negative breast cancer diagnosis. High levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were associated with improved survival of triple negative breast cancer cases. However, elevated levels of PD-L1, CD163, and FOXP3 were individually associated with significantly decreased overall survival. These three determinants were significantly correlated, and could serve to differentiate the prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Interestingly, a glycolytic tumor environment, as determined by the expression of MCT4 in the tumor stroma, was associated with the immune evasive environment and poor prognosis. Clustering of all markers defined four distinct triple negative breast cancer subtypes that harbored prognostic significance in multivariate analysis. Immune and metabolic markers stratified triple negative breast cancer into subtypes that have prognostic significance and implications for therapies targeting immune checkpoints and tumor metabolism.
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U2 - 10.1038/modpathol.2017.126
DO - 10.1038/modpathol.2017.126
M3 - Article
C2 - 28984302
AN - SCOPUS:85041858094
VL - 31
SP - 288
EP - 298
JO - Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc
JF - Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc
SN - 0893-3952
IS - 2
ER -