TY - JOUR
T1 - Cyclic change of fatty acid composition in meibum during the menstrual cycle
AU - Suzuki, Tomo
AU - Fujiwara, Satoshi
AU - Kinoshita, Shigeru
AU - Butovich, Igor A.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank John Bush for editing the manuscript. Supported by grants from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (16K11295) and the National Institutes of Health Grant EY027349.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright 2019 The Authors.
PY - 2019/4
Y1 - 2019/4
N2 - PURPOSE. To evaluate the fatty acid (FA) composition in the meibum of pre-and postmenopausal women and age-matched men. METHODS. This prospective study involved 24 healthy subjects; six premenopausal women in their 30s with a regular menstrual cycle (young-female [yF] group), six postmenopausal women in their 60s (elderly-female [eF] group), and 12 age-matched men (i.e., young-male [yM] and elderly-male [eM] groups, respectively). The menstrual cycle was divided into six phases (phase I–VI). Meibum was obtained from the meibomian gland orifices via a Daviel spoon, and its FA composition was then analyzed via gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on the GC-MS results. RESULTS. The mean FA composition of all subjects was 40% saturated FAs (SFA) and 60% unsaturated FAs (UFAs). The PCA results of all groups indicated two categories (PC1 [77.5%] and PC2 [12.4%]); one consisting of yF-group samples of mainly phase II and III and the other consisting of the yF-group samples of the rest of the cycle, as well as from eF-group, yM-group, and eM-group samples. Each group had a distinctive nature. The FAs that most contributed to PC1 were C14:0,C16:0, and C18:0 in a positive correlation, and C18:1n9 in a negative correlation. CONCLUSIONS. FA composition noticeably changes during the menstrual cycle and is somewhat affected by sex and age. The ratio of SFAs (C16:0,C18:0) to mono-UFAs (C18:1n9) in the FA composition might have an impact on the lipid quality of meibum, thus suggesting alteration of its melting temperature and viscosity.
AB - PURPOSE. To evaluate the fatty acid (FA) composition in the meibum of pre-and postmenopausal women and age-matched men. METHODS. This prospective study involved 24 healthy subjects; six premenopausal women in their 30s with a regular menstrual cycle (young-female [yF] group), six postmenopausal women in their 60s (elderly-female [eF] group), and 12 age-matched men (i.e., young-male [yM] and elderly-male [eM] groups, respectively). The menstrual cycle was divided into six phases (phase I–VI). Meibum was obtained from the meibomian gland orifices via a Daviel spoon, and its FA composition was then analyzed via gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on the GC-MS results. RESULTS. The mean FA composition of all subjects was 40% saturated FAs (SFA) and 60% unsaturated FAs (UFAs). The PCA results of all groups indicated two categories (PC1 [77.5%] and PC2 [12.4%]); one consisting of yF-group samples of mainly phase II and III and the other consisting of the yF-group samples of the rest of the cycle, as well as from eF-group, yM-group, and eM-group samples. Each group had a distinctive nature. The FAs that most contributed to PC1 were C14:0,C16:0, and C18:0 in a positive correlation, and C18:1n9 in a negative correlation. CONCLUSIONS. FA composition noticeably changes during the menstrual cycle and is somewhat affected by sex and age. The ratio of SFAs (C16:0,C18:0) to mono-UFAs (C18:1n9) in the FA composition might have an impact on the lipid quality of meibum, thus suggesting alteration of its melting temperature and viscosity.
KW - Aging
KW - Fatty acid
KW - Meibomian gland
KW - Meibomian gland dysfunction
KW - Meibum
KW - Menstrual cycle
KW - Sex steroid hormones
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U2 - 10.1167/iovs.18-26390
DO - 10.1167/iovs.18-26390
M3 - Article
C2 - 31013345
AN - SCOPUS:85065338612
SN - 0146-0404
VL - 60
SP - 1724
EP - 1733
JO - Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science
JF - Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science
IS - 5
ER -