Effect of Blood Pressure Control on Long-Term Risk of End-Stage Renal Disease and Death Among Subgroups of Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Background: Our objective was to explore the effect of intensive blood pressure (BP) control on kidney and death outcomes among subgroups of patients with chronic kidney disease divided by baseline proteinuria, glomerular filtration rate, age, and body mass index. Methods and Results: We included 840 MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) trial and 1067 AASK (African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension) participants. We used Cox models to examine whether the association between intensive BP control and risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or death is modified by baseline proteinuria (≥0.44 versus <0.44 g/g), glomerular filtration rate (≥30 versus <30 mL/min per 1.73 m²), age (≥40 versus <40 years), or body mass index (≥30 versus <30 kg/m²). The median follow-up was 14.9 years. Strict (versus usual) BP control was protective against ESRD (hazard ratio [HR]_ESRD, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.64–0.92) among those with proteinuria ≥0.44 g/g but not proteinuria <0.44 g/g. Strict (versus usual) BP control was protective against death (HR_death, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.59–0.92) among those with glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min per 1.73 m² but not glomerular filtration rate ≥30 mL/min per 1.73 m² (HR_death, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.84–1.15). Strict (versus usual) BP control was protective against ESRD among those ≥40 years (HR_{ESRD ,} 0.82; 95% CI, 0.71–0.94) but not <40 years. Strict (versus usual) BP control was also protective against ESRD among those with body mass index ≥30 kg/m² (HR_{ESRD ,} 0.75; 95% CI, 0.61–0.92) but not body mass index <30 kg/m². Conclusions: The ESRD and all-cause mortality benefits of intensive BP lowering may not be uniform across all subgroups of patients with chronic kidney disease. But intensive BP lowering was not associated with increased risk of ESRD or death among any subgroups that we examined.