Effects of hemodialysis on profound memory deficits in renal insufficiency due to multiple myeloma: A case study

Multiple myeloma, a rare cancer for individuals less than 65 years of age, and its pathophysiological effects have a profound impact on neurocognitive function. Specific transient deficits in patients with renal failure secondary to multiple myeloma have been noted to improve with hemodialysis. We present a complex case of an individual with multiple myeloma, renal insufficiency, treated seizure disorder, and schizophrenia, paranoid type, who experienced functional improvements in memory and visuospatial function with short- and long-term administration of hemodialysis. Within weeks of treatment, memory impairments resolved. With continued hemodialysis, some areas of neurocognitive function were in the superior range, indicating an overall improvement of more than three standard deviations. Implications and recommendations for clinicians treating individuals with similar challenges are offered.