Genotype-specific Trp53 mutational analysis in ultraviolet B radiation- induced skin cancers in Xpc and Xpc Trp53 mutant mice

We have examined the mutational spectrum in the Trp53 gene from UVB radiation-induced skin cancers in Trp53(+/+) and Trp53(+/-) mutant mice of all three possible Xpc genotypes. Mutations were detected in exons 2-10 of the Trp53 coding region in ~90% of >80 different skin cancers examined. In contrast to Trp53(+/+) mice in which most mutations in the Trp53 gene were located in exons 5-8, the majority of the mutations in Trp53(+/-) mice were at other exons. We observed a high predilection for C→T transition mutations at a unique CpG site in codon 122 (exon 4) of the Trp53 gene in Xpc(-/-) Trp53(+/-) mice. This site is not part of a pyrimidine dinucleotide. Mutations at this codon, as well as in codons 124 and 210, were observed exclusively in Xpc(-/-) or Xpc(+/-) mice. Mutations at the corresponding codons (127 and 213) in the human p53 gene have been reported in skin tumors from human patients with xeroderma pigmentosum. Hence, mutations at codons 122 (125), 124 (127), and 210 (213) may constitute signatures for defective or deficient nucleotide excision repair in mice (humans). In Xpc(-/-) mice, the majority of mutations were located at C residues in CpG sites, in which the C is presumably methylated. A similar bias can be deduced from studies in human XP individuals.