@article{5e05963064004232a50bddc85893ed2b,
title = "Neural basis of reward anticipation and its genetic determinants",
abstract = "Dysfunctional reward processing is implicated in various mental disorders, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and addictions. Such impairments might involve different components of the reward process, including brain activity during reward anticipation. We examined brain nodes engaged by reward anticipation in 1,544 adolescents and identified a network containing a core striatal node and cortical nodes facilitating outcome prediction and response preparation. Distinct nodes and functional connections were preferentially associated with either adolescent hyperactivity or alcohol consumption, thus conveying specificity of reward processing to clinically relevant behavior. We observed associations between the striatal node, hyperactivity, and the vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4A (VPS4A) gene in humans, and the causal role of Vps4 for hyperactivity was validated in Drosophila. Our data provide a neurobehavioral model explaining the heterogeneity of rewardrelated behaviors and generate a hypothesis accounting for their enduring nature.",
keywords = "Dopamine receptor, FMRI, GWAS, Neural network, VPS4A",
author = "{IMAGEN Consortium} and Tianye Jia and Christine Macare and Sylvane Desrivi{\`e}res and Gonzalez, {Dante A.} and Chenyang Tao and Xiaoxi Ji and Barbara Ruggeri and Frauke Nees and Tobias Banaschewski and Barker, {Gareth J.} and Bokde, {Arun L W} and Uli Bromberg and Christian B{\"u}chel and Conrod, {Patricia J.} and Rachel Dove and Vincent Frouin and J{\"u}rgen Gallinat and Hugh Garavan and Gowland, {Penny A.} and Andreas Heinz and Bernd Ittermann and Mark Lathrop and Herv{\'e} Lemaitre and Martinot, {Jean Luc} and Tom{\'a}{\v s} Paus and Zdenka Pausova and Poline, {Jean Baptiste} and Marcella Rietschel and Trevor Robbins and Smolka, {Michael N.} and M{\"u}ller, {Christian P.} and Jianfeng Feng and Adrian Rothenfluh and Herta Flor and Gunter Schumann",
note = "Funding Information: This work received support from the following sources: the European Union-funded FP6 Integrated Project IMAGEN (Reinforcementrelated behaviour in normal brain function and psychopathology) LSHM-CT- 2007-037286; the FP7 Projects IMAGEMEND (602450; Imaging Genetics for Mental Disorders) and Multidisciplinary Approaches to Translational Research in Conduct Syndromes (603016); Innovative Medicine Initiative Project EU-AIMS 115300-2; Medical Research Council Grants 93558 (Developmental pathways into adolescent substance abuse) and MR/N000390/1 (Consortium on Vulnerability to Externalizing Disorders and Addictions); the Swedish funding agency FORMAS (Forskningsr{\aa}det f{\"o}r Milj{\"o}, Areella n{\"a}ringar och Samh{\"a}llsbyggande); the National Institute for Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London; Bundesministerium f{\"u}r Bildung und Forschung Grants 01GS08152, 01EV0711, eMED SysAlc01ZX1311A, and Forschungsnetz AERIAL (Addiction: Early Recognition and Intervention Across the Lifespan); NIH Grant R01 MH085772-01A1 (Axon, Testosterone and Mental Health during Adolescence); and NIH Consortium Grant U54 EB020403 supported by a cross-NIH alliance that funds Big Data to Knowledge Centres of Excellence. The Drosophila experiments were supported by NIH Grants T32 DA007290 (to D.A.G.), R01AA019526 (to A.R.), and R21AA022404 (to A.R.).",
year = "2016",
month = apr,
day = "5",
doi = "10.1073/pnas.1503252113",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "113",
pages = "3879--3884",
journal = "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America",
issn = "0027-8424",
publisher = "National Academy of Sciences",
number = "14",
}