TY - JOUR
T1 - Neuropathology markers and pathways associated with molecular targets for antipsychotic drugs in postmortem brain tissues
T2 - Exploration of drug targets through the Stanley Neuropathology Integrative Database
AU - Kim, Sanghyeon
AU - Zavitsanou, Katerina
AU - Gurguis, George
AU - Webster, Maree J.
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by Stanley Medical Research Foundation.
PY - 2012/10
Y1 - 2012/10
N2 - The atypical antipsychotics bind multiple receptor targets, including dopamine D2 receptors (DRD2), 5-HT2 receptors (HTR2A), α-2 adrenergic receptors (ADRA2A), and muscarinic receptors (CHRM1/4). Deficits in antipsychotic targets, their associated pathways, and the causal relationships between the various targets were explored using the Stanley Neuropathology Consortium Integrative Database (SNCID; http://sncid.stanleyresearch.org) and the Network Edge Orienting (NEO) software. There were brain region-specific deficits in the level of the antipsychotic targets, and the level of each target correlated with the mRNA level of the neurotrophic factor BDNF. While myelination was a common process correlated with both DRD2 mRNA levels and ADRA2A activity in the frontal cortex, metabolic processes were specifically correlated with DRD2 mRNA. Immune and inflammatory responses and apoptosis pathways were correlated with group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (GRM2), which are a target for the development of the next-generation antipsychotics. The NEO analysis revealed that HTR2A and GRM2 are likely to regulate BDNF levels in the hippocampus and frontal cortex, respectively, whereas DRD2 and ADRA2A activity are likely to be regulated by BDNF in the frontal cortex. BDNF may play an important role in mechanisms of action of the current antipsychotics and the next-generation antipsychotics that target GRM2. However, this data-mining approach indicates that the next-generation antipsychotics are likely to work through pathways that are distinct from those through which the current antipsychotics work. Exploratory analyses such as these may initiate future hypothesis-driven studies to reveal the mechanisms of action underlying the efficacy and side-effects of the antipsychotics.
AB - The atypical antipsychotics bind multiple receptor targets, including dopamine D2 receptors (DRD2), 5-HT2 receptors (HTR2A), α-2 adrenergic receptors (ADRA2A), and muscarinic receptors (CHRM1/4). Deficits in antipsychotic targets, their associated pathways, and the causal relationships between the various targets were explored using the Stanley Neuropathology Consortium Integrative Database (SNCID; http://sncid.stanleyresearch.org) and the Network Edge Orienting (NEO) software. There were brain region-specific deficits in the level of the antipsychotic targets, and the level of each target correlated with the mRNA level of the neurotrophic factor BDNF. While myelination was a common process correlated with both DRD2 mRNA levels and ADRA2A activity in the frontal cortex, metabolic processes were specifically correlated with DRD2 mRNA. Immune and inflammatory responses and apoptosis pathways were correlated with group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (GRM2), which are a target for the development of the next-generation antipsychotics. The NEO analysis revealed that HTR2A and GRM2 are likely to regulate BDNF levels in the hippocampus and frontal cortex, respectively, whereas DRD2 and ADRA2A activity are likely to be regulated by BDNF in the frontal cortex. BDNF may play an important role in mechanisms of action of the current antipsychotics and the next-generation antipsychotics that target GRM2. However, this data-mining approach indicates that the next-generation antipsychotics are likely to work through pathways that are distinct from those through which the current antipsychotics work. Exploratory analyses such as these may initiate future hypothesis-driven studies to reveal the mechanisms of action underlying the efficacy and side-effects of the antipsychotics.
KW - BDNF
KW - Mechanisms
KW - Myelination
KW - Neurotransmitter receptors
KW - SNCID
KW - Schizophrenia
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U2 - 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.01.010
DO - 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.01.010
M3 - Article
C2 - 22356822
AN - SCOPUS:84865532845
SN - 0924-977X
VL - 22
SP - 683
EP - 694
JO - European Neuropsychopharmacology
JF - European Neuropsychopharmacology
IS - 10
ER -