TY - JOUR
T1 - Surgical model-view-controller simulation software framework for local and collaborative applications
AU - MacIel, Anderson
AU - Sankaranarayanan, Ganesh
AU - Halic, Tansel
AU - Arikatla, Venkata Sreekanth
AU - Lu, Zhonghua
AU - De, Suvranu
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of NIH/NIBIB through grant #R01EB005807 and CNPq-Brazil through grants #481268/2008-1 and #302679/2009-0. The authors also thank Dr. Blake Hannaford and Hawkeye King from the University of Washington for hosting our packet reflector.
PY - 2011/7
Y1 - 2011/7
N2 - Purpose: Surgical simulations require haptic interactions and collaboration in a shared virtual environment. A software framework for decoupled surgical simulation based on a multi-controller and multi-viewer model-view-controller (MVC) pattern was developed and tested. Methods: A software framework for multimodal virtual environments was designed, supporting both visual interactions and haptic feedback while providing developers with an integration tool for heterogeneous architectures maintaining high performance, simplicity of implementation, and straightforward extension. The framework uses decoupled simulation with updates of over 1,000 Hz for haptics and accommodates networked simulation with delays of over 1,000 ms without performance penalty. Results: The simulation software framework was implemented and was used to support the design of virtual reality-based surgery simulation systems. The framework supports the high level of complexity of such applications and the fast response required for interaction with haptics. The efficacy of the framework was tested by implementation of a minimally invasive surgery simulator. Conclusion: A decoupled simulation approach can be implemented as a framework to handle simultaneous processes of the system at the various frame rates each process requires. The framework was successfully used to develop collaborative virtual environments (VEs) involving geographically distributed users connected through a network, with the results comparable to VEs for local users.
AB - Purpose: Surgical simulations require haptic interactions and collaboration in a shared virtual environment. A software framework for decoupled surgical simulation based on a multi-controller and multi-viewer model-view-controller (MVC) pattern was developed and tested. Methods: A software framework for multimodal virtual environments was designed, supporting both visual interactions and haptic feedback while providing developers with an integration tool for heterogeneous architectures maintaining high performance, simplicity of implementation, and straightforward extension. The framework uses decoupled simulation with updates of over 1,000 Hz for haptics and accommodates networked simulation with delays of over 1,000 ms without performance penalty. Results: The simulation software framework was implemented and was used to support the design of virtual reality-based surgery simulation systems. The framework supports the high level of complexity of such applications and the fast response required for interaction with haptics. The efficacy of the framework was tested by implementation of a minimally invasive surgery simulator. Conclusion: A decoupled simulation approach can be implemented as a framework to handle simultaneous processes of the system at the various frame rates each process requires. The framework was successfully used to develop collaborative virtual environments (VEs) involving geographically distributed users connected through a network, with the results comparable to VEs for local users.
KW - Physics-based simulation
KW - Software framework
KW - Surgical simulation
KW - User interfaces-Haptic I/O
KW - Virtual environments
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U2 - 10.1007/s11548-010-0527-3
DO - 10.1007/s11548-010-0527-3
M3 - Article
C2 - 20714933
AN - SCOPUS:79960556402
SN - 1861-6410
VL - 6
SP - 457
EP - 471
JO - International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery
JF - International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery
IS - 4
ER -