TY - JOUR
T1 - Wear and biomechanical characteristics of a novel shear-reducing insole with implications for high-risk persons with diabetes
AU - Lavery, Lawrence A.
AU - Lanctot, Dan R.
AU - Constantinides, George
AU - Zamorano, Ruben G.
AU - Athanasiou, Kyriacos A.
AU - Mauli Agrawal, C.
PY - 2005/8
Y1 - 2005/8
N2 - Objective: This study was designed to measure pressure and shear reduction of a novel insole design. Methods: We compared three multilayer viscoelastic insoles to a novel insole design (GlideSoft®, Xilas Medical, Inc., San Antonio, TX). The bottom pad of each insole was fabricated from firm-density Plastazote® [Apex Foot Products (now Aetrex), South Hackensack, NJ] with an upper of Plastazote, ethyl vinyl acetate, or PORON® (Langer Biomechanics Group, Inc., Deer Park, NY). The GlideSoft design used the same materials with two intervening thin sheets of a low friction material. We measured foot pressures, shear, and material stiffness prospectively as the insoles aged during daily usage in 30 healthy adults. We used the F-Scan® (Tekscan, Inc., Boston, MA) to determine in-shoe foot pressures and the Automated Stress-relaxation Creep Indenter System (Xilas Medical) to measure material stiffness. To evaluate shear force, the insole was placed on the slide assembly of a custom-designed shear tester equipped with a reciprocating mechanism and force transducers. Results: The GlideSoft exhibited 57% less peak shear force than the standard insole (P < 0.05) in laboratory testing under simulated conditions. Ethyl vinyl acetate had higher compressive stiffness values than Plastazote and PORON at all test intervals (P < 0.05). There were no statistical differences between any of the insoles for peak in-shoe pressure measurements (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The GlideSoft design demonstrated a significant reduction in shear while maintaining equivalent pressure reduction compared with standard insole designs with three different material combinations for up to 320,000 steps.
AB - Objective: This study was designed to measure pressure and shear reduction of a novel insole design. Methods: We compared three multilayer viscoelastic insoles to a novel insole design (GlideSoft®, Xilas Medical, Inc., San Antonio, TX). The bottom pad of each insole was fabricated from firm-density Plastazote® [Apex Foot Products (now Aetrex), South Hackensack, NJ] with an upper of Plastazote, ethyl vinyl acetate, or PORON® (Langer Biomechanics Group, Inc., Deer Park, NY). The GlideSoft design used the same materials with two intervening thin sheets of a low friction material. We measured foot pressures, shear, and material stiffness prospectively as the insoles aged during daily usage in 30 healthy adults. We used the F-Scan® (Tekscan, Inc., Boston, MA) to determine in-shoe foot pressures and the Automated Stress-relaxation Creep Indenter System (Xilas Medical) to measure material stiffness. To evaluate shear force, the insole was placed on the slide assembly of a custom-designed shear tester equipped with a reciprocating mechanism and force transducers. Results: The GlideSoft exhibited 57% less peak shear force than the standard insole (P < 0.05) in laboratory testing under simulated conditions. Ethyl vinyl acetate had higher compressive stiffness values than Plastazote and PORON at all test intervals (P < 0.05). There were no statistical differences between any of the insoles for peak in-shoe pressure measurements (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The GlideSoft design demonstrated a significant reduction in shear while maintaining equivalent pressure reduction compared with standard insole designs with three different material combinations for up to 320,000 steps.
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U2 - 10.1089/dia.2005.7.638
DO - 10.1089/dia.2005.7.638
M3 - Article
C2 - 16120040
AN - SCOPUS:23944469056
SN - 1520-9156
VL - 7
SP - 638
EP - 646
JO - Diabetes Technology and Therapeutics
JF - Diabetes Technology and Therapeutics
IS - 4
ER -